Back to supply chains
Where does Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd. source its components?
China. Supply chain mapped to 40 inputs across 7 countries.
Federal screeningFlagged
Yes. Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Is Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd. a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High79% weighted
31 in covered nations - 1 elevated, of 40 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
7 of 7 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Component7
Processing / Refining7
Raw Material16
Mine / Extraction8
Logistics1
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
Loading chain view...
Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
0
Designated (0%)
31
Covered nation (78%)
1
Elevated (3%)
8
No known factor (20%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd. supply chain
40 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd..
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric (BTW)Baoding, Hebei Province, China | China | Covered nation | State-linked (China South Industries / Tianwei Group) power transformer OEM founded 1958. Products 10kV-1200kV up to 1500MVA incl. HVDC converter transformers and shunt reactors. Chinese HQ + state ownership = FEOC flagged. |
Component (7)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transformer Core (grain-oriented electrical steel laminations)BTW core-cutting shop, Baoding | China | Covered nation | Laminated GOES stack that carries the magnetic flux; the single most FEOC-sensitive component after windings. |
| HV/LV Windings (copper conductor)BTW winding shop, Baoding | China | Covered nation | Primary and secondary windings wound from paper-insulated copper conductor; carry the load current. |
| Solid Insulation System (kraft paper + pressboard)BTW, Baoding | China | Covered nation | Cellulose kraft paper wrap and pressboard barriers/spacers between windings and to the tank. |
| Transformer Insulating Oil (naphthenic mineral oil)Filled at BTW, Baoding | China | Covered nation | Dielectric + coolant to IEC 60296. Chinese supply (Sinopec/PetroChina Kunlun) plus ~25-35% imported naphthenic base oil. |
| HV Bushings (OIP/RIP condenser + porcelain housing)BTW / Chinese bushing suppliers | China | Covered nation | Insulated terminals letting conductors pass through the grounded tank; paper condenser core in a porcelain or composite housing. |
| On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC)BTW / MR-China or domestic OLTC supplier | China | Covered nation | Regulates output voltage under load by switching winding taps. Global tech leader is MR (Germany); Chinese/licensed units common on domestic builds. |
| Tank, Conservator & Radiators (carbon steel)BTW steel fabrication, Baoding | China | Covered nation | Welded carbon-steel tank, oil conservator and bolted cooling radiators that hold the active part and dissipate heat. |
Processing and refining (7)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baowu / Baosteel Electrical Steel MillBaosteel, Shanghai / Wuhan Iron & Steel | China | Covered nation | World's largest GOES producer; melts, hot/cold rolls and anneals silicon steel to transformer grade. |
| Ferrosilicon / Silicon Metal SmelterInner Mongolia / Ningxia submerged-arc furnaces | China | Covered nation | Energy-intensive carbothermic reduction of quartz + coke; China dominates output. Chinese-smelted = flagged. |
| Copper Smelter / Refinery (cathode)Chinese cathode smelters (4 of world's 5 largest) | China | Covered nation | China produces ~47-50% of global refined copper cathode. Even allied-mined ore refined in China is FEOC-flagged. |
| Naphthenic Oil RefinerySinopec / PetroChina Kunlun lubricant refineries | China | Covered nation | Distils naphthenic-rich crude slates into IEC 60296 transformer-oil base stock. Chinese-refined = flagged. |
| Alumina Refinery (bauxite -> alumina)Chinese alumina refineries (Shandong/Shanxi) | China | Covered nation | Bayer-process refining of bauxite to alumina; China is the dominant refiner. Chinese-refined = flagged. |
| Tungsten (APT) RefinerChinese ammonium paratungstate plants (Jiangxi) | China | Covered nation | China refines the vast majority of world tungsten into APT/powder. Chinese-refined = flagged. |
| Carbon Steel Mill (plate)Chinese integrated steel mills (Baowu et al.) | China | Covered nation | BOF/EAF steelmaking + plate rolling. China makes ~half of world crude steel. Chinese-milled = flagged. |
Raw material (16)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel (GOES) | China | Covered nation | 0.18-0.30mm silicon steel strip. China (Baowu/Baosteel) is the dominant global GOES producer; Chinese-milled steel = flagged. |
| Iron Ore (for electrical steel) | Australia | No known risk factor | ~80% of China's iron ore is imported, mostly Australian Pilbara and Brazilian Carajas ore. Ore itself is allied-mined. |
| Silicon Metal / Ferrosilicon (Si alloying for GOES) | China | Covered nation | 2-4% silicon gives electrical steel its low core loss. China is the dominant ferrosilicon/silicon-metal producer. |
| Quartz / Silica (silicon feedstock) | China | Covered nation | High-purity quartz reduced with coke to make silicon metal; sourced from domestic and imported quartzite. |
| Copper Winding Conductor (paper-insulated) | China | Covered nation | High-conductivity copper strip/wire. China holds ~half of global copper fabrication + wire-rod capacity. |
| Copper Concentrate (ore) | Chile | No known risk factor | China imports ~60% of world copper ore; Chile ~32% and Peru ~25% of its concentrate imports. Ore is allied-mined. |
| Electrical-Grade Kraft Insulating Paper | China | Covered nation | Thermally-upgraded cellulose paper wrapping the conductor. Premium grades from Weidmann/Hitachi (EU/allied); commodity grades domestic Chinese. |
| Transformer Pressboard (cellulose barriers/spacers) | China | Covered nation | High-density cellulose board for major insulation. Weidmann (CH) leads globally; Chinese domestic suppliers for cost builds. |
| Softwood Cellulose Pulp | Sweden | No known risk factor | Unbleached kraft softwood pulp is the base fiber for insulating paper/pressboard; sourced from Nordic/North American mills. |
| Naphthenic Base Oil (dielectric fluid base) | China | Covered nation | Naphthenic base oil refined into transformer oil. Chinese output (Sinopec/PetroChina) + ~25-35% imports from Korea/Singapore/US. |
| Naphthenic Crude Oil | China | Covered nation | Specialty naphthenic crude feedstock; partly domestic, partly imported specialty crude. |
| Bushing Porcelain / Alumina Ceramic Housing | China | Covered nation | High-alumina electrical porcelain fired from calcined bauxite, kaolin and feldspar; Chinese insulator makers dominate. |
| Calcined Bauxite / Alumina (porcelain feedstock) | China | Covered nation | Calcined bauxite/alumina gives the porcelain its mechanical + dielectric strength. Refined in China from imported bauxite. |
| Bauxite Ore | Guinea | No known risk factor | Guinea supplies ~74% of China's imported bauxite; low-silica ore. Ore itself is allied-mined. |
| OLTC Contact & Diverter Assembly (copper/tungsten-copper) | China | Covered nation | Arcing contacts use copper and tungsten-copper alloy; China dominates tungsten mining and refining. |
| Carbon Steel Plate (tank/radiators) | China | Covered nation | Structural carbon-steel plate for the tank, conservator and radiators; Chinese-milled. |
Mine and extraction (8)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pilbara / Carajas Iron Ore MinesPilbara, Western Australia (Rio Tinto/BHP/FMG); Carajas, Brazil (Vale) | Australia | No known risk factor | Australia + Brazil supply ~75% of world iron ore exports; ~80% goes to China. |
| Quartzite MineChinese domestic quartzite quarries | China | Covered nation | Silica ore extraction feeding silicon-metal furnaces; some high-purity quartz imported. |
| Escondida / Collahuasi Copper MinesAtacama Desert, Chile | Chile | No known risk factor | Chile is the largest single supplier of China's copper concentrate. |
| Las Bambas / Cerro Verde / Antamina Copper MinesAndes, Peru | Peru | No known risk factor | Peru supplies ~25% of China's copper concentrate imports. |
| DRC Copperbelt MinesKatanga Copperbelt, DRC | Democratic Republic Of Congo | Elevated sourcing risk | China's refined-copper imports from DRC surged 71% YoY in 2024; many DRC copper assets are Chinese-owned/operated (review). |
| Naphthenic Crude Oil FieldChinese naphthenic crude fields + imports | China | Covered nation | Extraction of high-naphthenic crude feeding transformer-oil refineries. |
| Guinea / Australia Bauxite MinesBoke region, Guinea; Weipa/Gove, Australia | Guinea | No known risk factor | Guinea + Australia are the top bauxite sources feeding Chinese alumina refineries. |
| Tungsten MineJiangxi / Hunan tungsten mines, China | China | Covered nation | China dominates both mining and refining of tungsten used in switching contacts. |
Logistics (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bulk Ocean Freight (ore/concentrate import)Capesize/Panamax bulk carriers to Chinese ports | China | Covered nation | Iron ore, copper concentrate and bauxite move by bulk carrier into Chinese ports feeding the refiners/mills above. |
Material flow (47 relationships)
- Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric (BTW) assembles Transformer Core (grain-oriented electrical steel laminations) (Transformer core)
- Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric (BTW) assembles HV/LV Windings (copper conductor) (Windings)
- Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric (BTW) assembles Solid Insulation System (kraft paper + pressboard) (Solid insulation)
- Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric (BTW) assembles Transformer Insulating Oil (naphthenic mineral oil) (Insulating oil)
- Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric (BTW) assembles HV Bushings (OIP/RIP condenser + porcelain housing) (HV bushings)
- Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric (BTW) assembles On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) (On-load tap changer)
- Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric (BTW) assembles Tank, Conservator & Radiators (carbon steel) (Tank & radiators)
- Transformer Core (grain-oriented electrical steel laminations) supplies Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel (GOES) (Grain-oriented electrical steel)
- Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel (GOES) refines Baowu / Baosteel Electrical Steel Mill (GOES rolling/annealing)
- Baowu / Baosteel Electrical Steel Mill sources from Iron Ore (for electrical steel) (Iron ore)
- Iron Ore (for electrical steel) sources from Pilbara / Carajas Iron Ore Mines (Iron ore extraction)
- Baowu / Baosteel Electrical Steel Mill sources from Silicon Metal / Ferrosilicon (Si alloying for GOES) (Silicon alloying addition)
- Silicon Metal / Ferrosilicon (Si alloying for GOES) refines Ferrosilicon / Silicon Metal Smelter (Ferrosilicon/silicon smelting)
- Ferrosilicon / Silicon Metal Smelter sources from Quartz / Silica (silicon feedstock) (Quartz feedstock)
- Quartz / Silica (silicon feedstock) sources from Quartzite Mine (Quartzite extraction)
- HV/LV Windings (copper conductor) supplies Copper Winding Conductor (paper-insulated) (Copper conductor)
- Copper Winding Conductor (paper-insulated) refines Copper Smelter / Refinery (cathode) (Copper cathode/wire rod)
- Copper Smelter / Refinery (cathode) sources from Copper Concentrate (ore) (Copper concentrate)
- Copper Concentrate (ore) sources from Escondida / Collahuasi Copper Mines (Copper ore extraction (Chile))
- Copper Concentrate (ore) sources from Las Bambas / Cerro Verde / Antamina Copper Mines (Copper ore extraction (Peru))
- Copper Concentrate (ore) sources from DRC Copperbelt Mines (Copper ore extraction (DRC))
- Solid Insulation System (kraft paper + pressboard) supplies Electrical-Grade Kraft Insulating Paper (Kraft insulating paper)
- Solid Insulation System (kraft paper + pressboard) supplies Transformer Pressboard (cellulose barriers/spacers) (Pressboard barriers)
- HV/LV Windings (copper conductor) supplies Electrical-Grade Kraft Insulating Paper (Conductor paper wrap)
- Electrical-Grade Kraft Insulating Paper sources from Softwood Cellulose Pulp (Cellulose pulp)
- Transformer Pressboard (cellulose barriers/spacers) sources from Softwood Cellulose Pulp (Cellulose pulp)
- Transformer Insulating Oil (naphthenic mineral oil) supplies Naphthenic Base Oil (dielectric fluid base) (Naphthenic base oil)
- Naphthenic Base Oil (dielectric fluid base) refines Naphthenic Oil Refinery (Base-oil distillation)
- Naphthenic Oil Refinery sources from Naphthenic Crude Oil (Naphthenic crude)
- Naphthenic Crude Oil sources from Naphthenic Crude Oil Field (Crude extraction)
- HV Bushings (OIP/RIP condenser + porcelain housing) supplies Bushing Porcelain / Alumina Ceramic Housing (Porcelain housing)
- HV Bushings (OIP/RIP condenser + porcelain housing) supplies Copper Winding Conductor (paper-insulated) (Central conductor)
- HV Bushings (OIP/RIP condenser + porcelain housing) supplies Electrical-Grade Kraft Insulating Paper (Condenser paper core)
- Bushing Porcelain / Alumina Ceramic Housing supplies Calcined Bauxite / Alumina (porcelain feedstock) (Alumina/calcined bauxite)
- Calcined Bauxite / Alumina (porcelain feedstock) refines Alumina Refinery (bauxite -> alumina) (Bauxite -> alumina)
- Alumina Refinery (bauxite -> alumina) sources from Bauxite Ore (Bauxite ore)
- Bauxite Ore sources from Guinea / Australia Bauxite Mines (Bauxite extraction)
- On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) supplies OLTC Contact & Diverter Assembly (copper/tungsten-copper) (Contact/diverter assembly)
- On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) supplies Copper Winding Conductor (paper-insulated) (Copper contacts base)
- OLTC Contact & Diverter Assembly (copper/tungsten-copper) refines Tungsten (APT) Refiner (Tungsten APT/powder)
- Tungsten (APT) Refiner sources from Tungsten Mine (Tungsten ore)
- Tank, Conservator & Radiators (carbon steel) supplies Carbon Steel Plate (tank/radiators) (Carbon steel plate)
- Carbon Steel Plate (tank/radiators) refines Carbon Steel Mill (plate) (Steelmaking + plate rolling)
- Carbon Steel Mill (plate) sources from Iron Ore (for electrical steel) (Iron ore)
- Copper Smelter / Refinery (cathode) sources from Bulk Ocean Freight (ore/concentrate import) (Concentrate ocean freight)
- Baowu / Baosteel Electrical Steel Mill sources from Bulk Ocean Freight (ore/concentrate import) (Iron ore ocean freight)
- Alumina Refinery (bauxite -> alumina) sources from Bulk Ocean Freight (ore/concentrate import) (Bauxite ocean freight)
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd., and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Secondary sources (25) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- btwelectric.com btwelectric.com/
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTW_(company)
- world-energy.org world-energy.org/company/3/about.html
- electricityforum.com electricityforum.com/td/utility-transformers/transformer-components
- taishantransformer.com taishantransformer.com/internal-structure-of-a-power-transformer/
- rd.baosteel.com rd.baosteel.com/zypt//en/ability/see/abilityDetailsBSSF6/1/13a87264202a4143b003ccb5a52fd5ee
- baohuisteel.com baohuisteel.com/blog/riding-the-wave-of-global-sustainable-energy-china-becomes-the-key-electrical-steel-supplier
- chemicalresearchinsight.com chemicalresearchinsight.com/2025/12/07/top-10-companies-in-the-grain-oriented-electrical-steel-industry-2025-market-leaders-powering-the-global-energy-grid/
- woodmac.com woodmac.com/horizons/securing-copper-supply-china-energy-transition/
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/chinas-strategic-copper-processing-control-2025/
- miningdigital.com miningdigital.com/supply-chain-management/bypassing-china-in-copper-supply-chain-will-cost-85bn
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/china-copper-imports-2025-trends-suppliers-analysis/
- oec.world oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/copper-ore/reporter/chn
- mining-technology.com mining-technology.com/news/chinas-copper-imports-congo/
- indexbox.io indexbox.io/store/china-mineral-based-transformer-oil-market-analysis-forecast-size-trends-and-insights/
- marketsandmarkets.com marketsandmarkets.com/ResearchInsight/transformer-oil-market.asp
- rainbowinsulator.com rainbowinsulator.com/info-detail/transformer-bushing-types--rip-condenser-bushing-vs-oip-condenser-bushing
- reinhausen.com reinhausen.com/newsroom/mr-knowledge-base/tap-changer-basics
- andamanpartners.com andamanpartners.com/2026/03/global-iron-ore-trade-remains-anchored-to-chinas-steel-industry/
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/china-iron-ore-strategy-2025-imports-geopolitics/
- transformerindia.com transformerindia.com/usa/blog/hvdc-converter-transformer-design-and-function
- sinoceanrefractory.en.made-in-china.com sinoceanrefractory.en.made-in-china.com/product/IMxmpriTsFfd/China-Calcined-Bauxite-Powder-Used-for-Electrical-Porcelain-Insulator.html
- ferrosiliconalloy.com ferrosiliconalloy.com/
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/guinea-bauxite-dominance-china-aluminum-supply-chain/
- weidmann-electrical.com weidmann-electrical.com/products/insulation-paper/
Common questions
- Where does Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd. source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 40 inputs across 7 countries, including 15 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd. supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 31 of 40 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 1 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd. itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- Yes. Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.