Back to supply chains
Where does BYD source its components?
China. Supply chain mapped to 43 inputs across 7 countries.
Federal screeningFlagged
Yes. BYD Company is named on the DOD Section 1260H list -- a federal restricted-party designation that makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. Is BYD a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High88% weighted
1 federally designated - 37 in covered nations - 2 elevated, of 43 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
8 of 8 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Component13
Processing / Refining8
Raw Material10
Mine / Extraction11
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
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Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
1
Designated (2%)
36
Covered nation (84%)
2
Elevated (5%)
4
No known factor (9%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the BYD supply chain
43 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for BYD.
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| BYD Co., Ltd.Shenzhen / Xi'an, China | China | Federally designated | Named on DOD 1260Has “BYD Company Limited” (2026-06-10 Federal Register (Doc. 2026-11571)). Chinese state-linked EV and battery maker; vertically integrated from lithium mining to vehicle assembly. FEOC-flagged as a Chinese entity. |
Component (13)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blade Battery Pack (LFP/LMFP cell)FinDreams Battery, Chongqing / Changsha | China | Covered nation | BYD's cell-to-pack LFP/LMFP battery, built in-house by FinDreams Battery subsidiary. |
| EV Traction Motor (PMSM)BYD in-house, China | China | Covered nation | Permanent-magnet synchronous motor using NdFeB magnets; produced in-house. |
| SiC/IGBT Power Module (inverter)BYD Semiconductor, Ningbo / Changsha | China | Covered nation | BYD Semiconductor IDM: designs and fabs its own IGBT and SiC MOSFET power modules; building world's largest SiC fab. |
| Copper Wiring Harness & BusbarsChina | China | Covered nation | High-conductivity copper interconnects; copper largely refined in China (~40% global refined copper). |
| LFP/LMFP Cathode Active MaterialChina (Guizhou/Hunan CAM plants) | China | Covered nation | >98% of global LFP cathode active material is produced in China. |
| Graphite Anode Active MaterialChina | China | Covered nation | Blend of natural and synthetic graphite; ~93% of anode material made in China. |
| Electrolyte (LiPF6 + solvents)China (Jiangsu/Hunan) | China | Covered nation | China holds >70% of global LiPF6 electrolyte-salt capacity. |
| Polyolefin SeparatorChina | China | Covered nation | PE/PP microporous separator; China dominates global separator output. |
| Aluminum Foil (cathode current collector)China | China | Covered nation | Battery-grade Al foil; China dominates battery foil production. |
| Copper Foil (anode current collector)China (Jiangxi/Guangdong) | China | Covered nation | China holds ~80% of global lithium-battery copper-foil capacity. |
| Iron Phosphate Precursor (FePO4 pCAM)China | China | Covered nation | Iron phosphate precursor synthesized from iron source + purified phosphoric acid; China-made. |
| NdFeB Permanent MagnetJL Mag Rare-Earth (representative), China | China | Covered nation | Sintered NdFeB magnets for traction motor; ~90-94% of finished magnets made in China. |
| Silicon Carbide (SiC) Wafer/SubstrateBYD Semiconductor SiC fab, Ningbo/Shenzhen | China | Covered nation | SiC single-crystal substrate for power module; BYD building in-house SiC line, China dominating SiC substrate. |
Processing and refining (8)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| BYD Lithium Conversion Plant (spodumene/lepidolite)Guangxi & Yichun, Jiangxi, China | China | Covered nation | BYD refines spodumene/lepidolite into lithium carbonate; ~$4.2B Yichun 100kt/yr plant. China-refined = flagged. |
| Phosphate Purification PlantChina | China | Covered nation | Beneficiation and acid purification of phosphate ore into battery-grade phosphoric acid. |
| Manganese Sulfate Refinery (HPMSM)Guizhou / Hunan, China | China | Covered nation | China dominates HPMSM refining; the FEOC chokepoint for manganese. |
| Spherical Graphite / Graphitization PlantChina (~98% of global graphitization) | China | Covered nation | Spheronisation, purification and graphitization concentrated in China; anode FEOC chokepoint. |
| Rare Earth Separation & RefiningChina (~90% of global separation) | China | Covered nation | China controls ~90% of rare earth separation/refining and imposes magnet export controls. Primary FEOC chokepoint. |
| Silicon Metal SmelterChina (Xinjiang/Yunnan) | China | Covered nation | Quartz reduced to silicon metal in Chinese smelters; feedstock for SiC crystal growth. |
| Copper Smelter/RefineryChina | China | Covered nation | Copper concentrate refined to cathode in Chinese smelters; midstream chokepoint. |
| Aluminum SmelterChina | China | Covered nation | Alumina smelted to aluminum in China; China dominates primary aluminum. |
Raw material (10)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium Carbonate (battery-grade) | China | Covered nation | Refined lithium chemical feeding LFP cathode; BYD self-supplies via Chinese conversion plants. |
| Purified Phosphoric AcidChina | China | Covered nation | Phosphate feedstock for LFP; refined from phosphate rock, China-processed. |
| Iron Source (iron oxide/phosphate)China | China | Covered nation | Iron oxide feedstock for LFP; iron ore commodity, China-processed. |
| High-Purity Manganese Sulfate (HPMSM)China | China | Covered nation | Manganese input for LMFP Blade 2.0; China refines ~85-95% of battery-grade manganese sulfate. |
| Natural Flake Graphite / Synthetic GraphiteChina | China | Covered nation | Spherical graphite: ~99% spheronised/purified in China; <1% outside China. |
| Fluorspar / HF (LiPF6 feedstock)China | China | Covered nation | Hydrofluoric acid from fluorspar is the fluorine source for LiPF6; China-dominated. |
| Rare Earth Oxides/Metals (Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb)China | China | Covered nation | Nd/Pr for magnet strength; Dy/Tb for heat resistance in traction motors. |
| Silicon Metal / SiC PowderChina | China | Covered nation | Silicon metal smelted from quartz; China dominates silicon-metal and SiC-powder output. |
| Refined Copper CathodeChina | China | Covered nation | Refined copper for foil and wiring; China refines ~40% of global copper. |
| Refined Aluminum (foil-grade)China | China | Covered nation | Primary aluminum smelted in China (~60% of global output) for battery foil. |
Mine and extraction (11)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arcadia / African Lithium MinesArcadia, Zimbabwe (+5 African mines) | Zimbabwe | Elevated sourcing risk | BYD-controlled lithium ore mines in Africa; ore shipped to Chinese refineries. Chinese ownership = flagged. |
| Jiangxi Lepidolite DepositsYichun, Jiangxi, China | China | Covered nation | Domestic Chinese lepidolite ore feeding BYD's Yichun lithium plant. |
| Phosphate Rock MineYunnan / Guizhou, China | China | Covered nation | Phosphate rock extraction; China is largest phosphate rock producer. |
| Iron Ore MinePilbara, Australia (representative) | Australia | No known risk factor | Iron ore commonly Australian-mined; low FEOC concern for the ore itself. |
| Manganese Ore MineKalahari, South Africa (representative) | South Africa | No known risk factor | Manganese ore largely from South Africa/Gabon; refined in China. |
| Natural Graphite MineMozambique / Heilongjiang, China | Mozambique | Elevated sourcing risk | >94% of African flake graphite is shipped to China for processing. Synthetic route uses petroleum coke. |
| Fluorspar MineChina | China | Covered nation | China is the largest fluorspar producer, feeding the fluorine chemistry chain. |
| Rare Earth MineBayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China | China | Covered nation | Bayan Obo is the world's largest rare earth mine; ~60% of magnet-REE mining is Chinese. |
| Quartz / Silica MineChina (representative) | China | Covered nation | Quartz (SiO2) is widely available; mining not the chokepoint, smelting/refining is. |
| Copper MineChile (representative) | Chile | No known risk factor | Copper ore largely from Chile/Peru; refined in China. |
| Bauxite MineGuinea (representative) | Guinea | No known risk factor | Bauxite ore commonly from Guinea/Australia; refined/smelted in China. |
Material flow (45 relationships)
- BYD Co., Ltd. manufactures Blade Battery Pack (LFP/LMFP cell) (Blade Battery pack)
- BYD Co., Ltd. manufactures EV Traction Motor (PMSM) (traction motor)
- BYD Co., Ltd. manufactures SiC/IGBT Power Module (inverter) (SiC/IGBT power module)
- BYD Co., Ltd. assembles Copper Wiring Harness & Busbars (copper wiring harness)
- Blade Battery Pack (LFP/LMFP cell) assembles LFP/LMFP Cathode Active Material (cathode active material)
- Blade Battery Pack (LFP/LMFP cell) assembles Graphite Anode Active Material (anode active material)
- Blade Battery Pack (LFP/LMFP cell) assembles Electrolyte (LiPF6 + solvents) (electrolyte)
- Blade Battery Pack (LFP/LMFP cell) assembles Polyolefin Separator (separator)
- Blade Battery Pack (LFP/LMFP cell) assembles Aluminum Foil (cathode current collector) (aluminum foil)
- Blade Battery Pack (LFP/LMFP cell) assembles Copper Foil (anode current collector) (copper foil)
- LFP/LMFP Cathode Active Material assembles Iron Phosphate Precursor (FePO4 pCAM) (iron phosphate precursor)
- LFP/LMFP Cathode Active Material supplies Lithium Carbonate (battery-grade) (lithium carbonate)
- LFP/LMFP Cathode Active Material supplies High-Purity Manganese Sulfate (HPMSM) (manganese sulfate (LMFP))
- Iron Phosphate Precursor (FePO4 pCAM) supplies Purified Phosphoric Acid (purified phosphoric acid)
- Iron Phosphate Precursor (FePO4 pCAM) supplies Iron Source (iron oxide/phosphate) (iron source)
- Lithium Carbonate (battery-grade) refines BYD Lithium Conversion Plant (spodumene/lepidolite) (lithium carbonate)
- BYD Lithium Conversion Plant (spodumene/lepidolite) sources from Arcadia / African Lithium Mines (spodumene ore)
- BYD Lithium Conversion Plant (spodumene/lepidolite) sources from Jiangxi Lepidolite Deposits (lepidolite ore)
- Purified Phosphoric Acid refines Phosphate Purification Plant (phosphoric acid)
- Phosphate Purification Plant sources from Phosphate Rock Mine (phosphate rock)
- Iron Source (iron oxide/phosphate) sources from Iron Ore Mine (iron ore)
- High-Purity Manganese Sulfate (HPMSM) refines Manganese Sulfate Refinery (HPMSM) (manganese sulfate)
- Manganese Sulfate Refinery (HPMSM) sources from Manganese Ore Mine (manganese ore)
- Graphite Anode Active Material supplies Natural Flake Graphite / Synthetic Graphite (graphite feedstock)
- Natural Flake Graphite / Synthetic Graphite refines Spherical Graphite / Graphitization Plant (spherical graphite)
- Spherical Graphite / Graphitization Plant sources from Natural Graphite Mine (natural graphite ore)
- Electrolyte (LiPF6 + solvents) supplies Lithium Carbonate (battery-grade) (lithium (for LiPF6))
- Electrolyte (LiPF6 + solvents) supplies Fluorspar / HF (LiPF6 feedstock) (HF/fluorine)
- Fluorspar / HF (LiPF6 feedstock) sources from Fluorspar Mine (fluorspar ore)
- EV Traction Motor (PMSM) assembles NdFeB Permanent Magnet (NdFeB magnet)
- EV Traction Motor (PMSM) supplies Refined Copper Cathode (copper windings)
- NdFeB Permanent Magnet supplies Rare Earth Oxides/Metals (Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb) (rare earth metals)
- Rare Earth Oxides/Metals (Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb) refines Rare Earth Separation & Refining (rare earth oxides)
- Rare Earth Separation & Refining sources from Rare Earth Mine (rare earth ore)
- SiC/IGBT Power Module (inverter) assembles Silicon Carbide (SiC) Wafer/Substrate (SiC wafer)
- Silicon Carbide (SiC) Wafer/Substrate supplies Silicon Metal / SiC Powder (silicon metal / SiC powder)
- Silicon Metal / SiC Powder refines Silicon Metal Smelter (silicon metal)
- Silicon Metal Smelter sources from Quartz / Silica Mine (quartz / silica)
- Copper Foil (anode current collector) supplies Refined Copper Cathode (refined copper)
- Copper Wiring Harness & Busbars supplies Refined Copper Cathode (refined copper)
- Refined Copper Cathode refines Copper Smelter/Refinery (copper cathode)
- Copper Smelter/Refinery sources from Copper Mine (copper concentrate)
- Aluminum Foil (cathode current collector) supplies Refined Aluminum (foil-grade) (refined aluminum)
- Refined Aluminum (foil-grade) refines Aluminum Smelter (aluminum)
- Aluminum Smelter sources from Bauxite Mine (bauxite)
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for BYD, and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Primary sources (1) - government, filings, standards bodies
Secondary sources (25) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BYD_Blade_battery
- byd.com byd.com/eu/technology/byd-blade-battery
- batterytechonline.com batterytechonline.com/lithium-ion-batteries/top-lfp-battery-manufacturers-driving-the-future-of-energy-storage
- china-certification.com china-certification.com/en/byd-invests-4-2-billion-in-lithium-projects-in-jiangxi-province/
- yicaiglobal.com yicaiglobal.com/news/china-byd-snaps-up-six-african-lithium-mines-to-get-ten-years-supply-of-ev-battery-materials
- energytrend.com energytrend.com/news/20240912-48392.html
- source.benchmarkminerals.com source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/byd-secures-lithium-discount-after-buying-stake-in-chinese-lithium-miner
- source.benchmarkminerals.com source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/infographic-china-controls-three-quarters-of-graphite-anode-supply-chain
- cen.acs.org cen.acs.org/policy/trade/China-restricts-exports-graphite-used/101/i36
- metals-hub.com metals-hub.com/en/blog/graphite-supply-chain/
- marketresearchfuture.com marketresearchfuture.com/reports/lithium-hexafluorophosphate-market/companies
- innophos.com innophos.com/markets/industrial-specialties/lfp-battery-materials
- firstphosphate.com firstphosphate.com/first-phosphate-positioned-to-power-americas-automated-manufacturing-revival-with-secure-domestic-lfp-battery-material-supply-chain/
- sciencedirect.com sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775325018774
- benchmarkminerals.com benchmarkminerals.com/glossary/what-are-rare-earths
- elements.visualcapitalist.com elements.visualcapitalist.com/why-rare-earths-are-critical-to-ev-motors/
- datadeep.tech datadeep.tech/ndfeb-permanent-magnet-supply-chain/
- cnevpost.com cnevpost.com/2022/06/21/byd-semiconductor-launches-new-sic-module-claiming-30-higher-power-than-mainstream-products/
- autonews.gasgoo.com autonews.gasgoo.com/china_news/70017848.html
- nomadsemi.com nomadsemi.com/p/byd-semiconductor-deep-dive
- itif.org itif.org/publications/2025/09/08/china-plans-to-dominate-a-key-semiconductor-material/
- persistencemarketresearch.com persistencemarketresearch.com/market-research/electrodeposited-copper-foils-market.asp
- sfa-oxford.com sfa-oxford.com/battery-metals-and-materials/markets/manganese-market-and-manganese-price-drivers/
- benchmarkminerals.com benchmarkminerals.com/glossary/what-is-manganese
- fastmarkets.com fastmarkets.com/insights/battery-chemistry-developments-geographical-onshoring-shape-manganese-sector/
Common questions
- Where does BYD source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 43 inputs across 7 countries, including 19 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the BYD supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 37 of 43 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 2 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is BYD itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- Yes. BYD Company is named on the DOD Section 1260H list -- a federal restricted-party designation that makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.