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Where does China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) source its components?
China. Supply chain mapped to 51 inputs across 8 countries.
Federal screeningFlagged
Yes. China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) is named on the DOD Section 1260H list and the BIS Entity List -- a federal restricted-party designation that makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. Is China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High80% weighted
1 federally designated - 36 in covered nations - 10 elevated, of 51 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
7 of 8 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Component15
Processing / Refining8
Raw Material16
Mine / Extraction11
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
Loading chain view...
Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
1
Designated (2%)
35
Covered nation (69%)
10
Elevated (20%)
5
No known factor (10%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) supply chain
51 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN).
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN)Shenzhen, Guangdong, China | China | Federally designated | Named on BIS ENTITY LISTas “China General Nuclear Power Group” (84 FR 40241). State-owned Chinese nuclear operator; builds HPR1000/Hualong One Gen-III PWR. ~90% domestic supply chain, ~6,000 Chinese suppliers. Chinese state entity = FEOC flagged. |
Component (15)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| HPR1000 / Hualong One Reactor UnitFangchenggang / Fuqing, China | China | Covered nation | CGN's Gen-III pressurized water reactor; co-developed with CNNC. Nuclear + conventional island assembled domestically. |
| Nuclear Island (NSSS)China | China | Covered nation | Nuclear steam supply system: RPV, steam generators, RCPs, pressurizer, internals, control rods. |
| Conventional Island (Turbine Island)China | China | Covered nation | Turbine-generator, condenser, feedwater. Half-speed Arabelle-derived turbine tech. |
| Nuclear Fuel AssemblyYibin, Sichuan / Baotou, China | China | Covered nation | CNNC/CGN fuel fabrication. Fuel rods = enriched UO2 pellets in zirconium-alloy cladding. |
| Instrumentation & Control (I&C)China | China | Covered nation | Reactor protection & control systems; largely domestic (FirmSys-class DCS). |
| Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV)China First Heavy Industries, Qiqihar | China | Covered nation | Heavy forging; CFHI and China Erzhong are China's very-heavy forging houses for RPVs. |
| Steam GeneratorsDongfang (Guangzhou) Heavy Machinery (DEC) | China | Covered nation | DEC Guangzhou delivered China's first Gen-III nuclear steam generator (60-yr life) to Hualong One. |
| Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP)Harbin Electric / CNNC | China | Covered nation | Canned-motor primary coolant pumps; HEC formed team with CNNC on RCP supply. |
| PressurizerChina | China | Covered nation | Maintains primary loop pressure; low-alloy steel forging with Inconel cladding. |
| Reactor InternalsChina | China | Covered nation | Core support structures, baffle/former; austenitic stainless steel. |
| Control Rod AssembliesChina | China | Covered nation | Neutron absorbers: Ag-In-Cd alloy (80/15/5) and/or B4C, hafnium in stainless cladding. |
| Steam Turbine-GeneratorDongfang Electric Machinery Co | China | Covered nation | Half-speed turbine (Arabelle tech via Alstom cooperation); 240t generator rotor forged by DEC. |
| CondenserChina | China | Covered nation | Titanium/stainless tubed surface condenser on the conventional island. |
| Zirconium-Alloy Fuel CladdingChina | China | Covered nation | Zircaloy / Zr-Nb tubing (Zr + Sn/Fe/Cr/Nb). Made from nuclear-grade zirconium sponge. |
| Enriched UO2 Fuel PelletsYibin, Sichuan | China | Covered nation | Sintered uranium dioxide pellets, ~3-5% U-235; CNNC Yibin ~400 tU/yr. |
Processing and refining (8)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zirconium/Hafnium Separation & Sponge RefiningCNNC, China | China | Covered nation | Zr-Hf separation + Kroll/pyrometallurgical reduction to nuclear-grade sponge. FEOC midstream chokepoint. |
| Uranium Enrichment (Centrifuge)Lanzhou Plant 504 / Hanzhong Plant 405 | China | Covered nation | Gas centrifuge enrichment of UF6 to LEU. Core FEOC fuel-cycle chokepoint held by China. |
| Uranium Conversion (U3O8 -> UF6)Lanzhou / Hengyang conversion plants | China | Covered nation | Converts yellowcake to UF6 feed. ~10,000 tU/yr Chinese conversion capacity. Midstream chokepoint. |
| Indium RefiningChina | China | Covered nation | China refines the majority of world indium (zinc smelting by-product). Refining chokepoint. |
| Nickel Refining (Indonesia, China-invested)Morowali / Weda Bay industrial parks | Indonesia | Elevated sourcing risk | Chinese-operated HPAL & matte refining converts ore to Class-1 Ni / nickel sulfate. Flagged. |
| Titanium Sponge Refining (Kroll)China | China | Covered nation | China dominates titanium sponge production via Kroll process. Refining chokepoint. |
| Rare Earth Separation & RefiningChina (Inner Mongolia / Jiangxi) | China | Covered nation | China refines ~85-90% of separated rare earths (Nd/Pr/Dy). Dominant FEOC chokepoint. |
| Copper Smelting & RefiningChina | China | Covered nation | China is the world's largest copper smelter/refiner. Refining chokepoint. |
Raw material (16)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nuclear-Grade Zirconium SpongeCNNC subsidiary (China Atomic Energy Industry) | China | Covered nation | Hf-separated nuclear-grade Zr sponge; CNNC is the only fully-integrated Chinese producer, now exporting. China = refining chokepoint. |
| Zircon Sand (ZrSiO4)Heavy mineral sands | Australia | No known risk factor | Primary Zr ore; co-product of titanium mineral sands. Australia + South Africa = >50% of global zircon. |
| Hafnium MetalChina | China | Covered nation | Separated from zirconium during Zr sponge refining; used in control rods. China-refined co-product = flagged. |
| Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU, UF6)Lanzhou (504) / Hanzhong (405) | China | Covered nation | 3-5% U-235; enriched at Chinese centrifuge plants. China enrichment ~11M SWU/yr. Domestic enrichment = flagged. |
| Uranium Ore Concentrate (Yellowcake, U3O8)Swakop Uranium / CNUC | Namibia | Elevated sourcing risk | Milled U3O8 from CGN/CNNC-controlled foreign mines; feeds Chinese conversion. Allied-mined but China-controlled + China-processed. |
| Silver-Indium-Cadmium AlloyChina | China | Covered nation | ~80% Ag / 15% In / 5% Cd absorber. China dominates indium & cadmium refining. Flagged on refining. |
| Boron Carbide (B4C)China | China | Covered nation | Neutron absorber for control rods/shutdown. China is a major boron/B4C producer. Flagged. |
| Inconel 690 / Ni-Cr SuperalloyChina | China | Covered nation | Steam generator tubing (Inconel 690 TT) + RCP/pressurizer parts. Ni-Cr-Fe superalloy. China-melted = flagged. |
| Refined Nickel / Nickel SulfateIndonesia (China-invested HPAL/smelters) | Indonesia | Elevated sourcing risk | Nickel refined largely in Chinese-invested Indonesian plants (~$30B Chinese investment). Flagged on refining. |
| Ferrochrome / ChromiumChina | China | Covered nation | Chromium source in Inconel/stainless (15-30% Cr). China leads ferrochrome smelting. Flagged. |
| Low-Alloy Nuclear Forging Steel (SA-508)China First Heavy Industries, Qiqihar | China | Covered nation | Mn-Mo-Ni low-alloy steel for RPV/pressurizer heavy forgings. Melted & forged in China. Flagged. |
| Austenitic Stainless Steel (304/316)China | China | Covered nation | Reactor internals & cladding overlay. Cr-Ni stainless melted in China. Flagged. |
| Iron OrePilbara, Western Australia | Australia | No known risk factor | Iron units for steel forgings; largely Australian ore feeding Chinese steelmaking. |
| Titanium (Condenser Tubing)China | China | Covered nation | Ti tubing for seawater-cooled condensers. Titanium sponge heavily China-refined. Flagged on refining. |
| NdFeB Permanent MagnetsChina | China | Covered nation | Rare-earth magnets in generator excitation/actuators & pump motors. China dominates NdFeB. Flagged. |
| Copper (Generator Windings)China | China | Covered nation | Generator stator/rotor windings & cabling. China leads copper refining/smelting. Flagged on refining. |
Mine and extraction (11)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zircon / Heavy Mineral Sands Mine (Australia)Western Australia / Murray Basin | Australia | No known risk factor | Placer heavy-mineral-sand deposits; zircon mined with ilmenite/rutile. |
| Zircon / Mineral Sands Mine (South Africa)Richards Bay / KwaZulu-Natal coast | South Africa | No known risk factor | Coastal heavy-mineral-sand mining; major global zircon source alongside Australia. |
| Husab Uranium MineSwakop Uranium, Erongo, Namibia | Namibia | Elevated sourcing risk | 90% owned by Taurus Minerals (CGN + China-Africa Development Fund); 10% Epangelo. CGN-controlled = flagged. |
| Rössing Uranium MineCNUC (CNNC), Erongo, Namibia | Namibia | Elevated sourcing risk | Controlled by China National Uranium Corp (CNNC) after 2019 Rio Tinto stake buy. China-controlled = flagged. |
| Irkol & Semizbai Uranium MinesSino-Kazakhstan Uranium Resources (CGN JV) | Kazakhstan | Elevated sourcing risk | CGN JV ISR uranium mines in Kazakhstan (world's largest U producer). China JV control = flagged. |
| Borate Ore MineTurkey (Eti Maden) / USA | Turkey | Elevated sourcing risk | Boron from borate ores (Turkey dominant, plus US). Ore allied but downstream B4C often China-processed. |
| Nickel Laterite MineSulawesi / Halmahera, Indonesia | Indonesia | Elevated sourcing risk | Laterite ore feeding Indonesian refineries. Ore Indonesian but midstream China-controlled. |
| Chromite MineBushveld Complex, South Africa | South Africa | Elevated sourcing risk | Chromite ore (world's largest reserves). Ore allied; much smelting/ferrochrome shifted to China. |
| Iron Ore MinePilbara, Western Australia | Australia | No known risk factor | Australian iron ore (Rio/BHP/FMG). Allied-mined; smelting in China. |
| Rare Earth Ore MineBayan Obo, Inner Mongolia | China | Covered nation | Bayan Obo REE ore for Nd/Pr; mined and refined in China. Flagged. |
| Copper MineAtacama, Chile | Chile | Elevated sourcing risk | Copper concentrate (Chile largest producer). Ore allied; refining largely in China. |
Material flow (60 relationships)
- China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) manufactures HPR1000 / Hualong One Reactor Unit (HPR1000 reactor unit)
- HPR1000 / Hualong One Reactor Unit assembles Nuclear Island (NSSS) (Nuclear island)
- HPR1000 / Hualong One Reactor Unit assembles Conventional Island (Turbine Island) (Conventional island)
- HPR1000 / Hualong One Reactor Unit assembles Nuclear Fuel Assembly (Fuel assembly)
- HPR1000 / Hualong One Reactor Unit assembles Instrumentation & Control (I&C) (I&C systems)
- Nuclear Island (NSSS) assembles Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) (Reactor pressure vessel)
- Nuclear Island (NSSS) assembles Steam Generators (Steam generators)
- Nuclear Island (NSSS) assembles Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP) (Reactor coolant pumps)
- Nuclear Island (NSSS) assembles Pressurizer (Pressurizer)
- Nuclear Island (NSSS) assembles Reactor Internals (Reactor internals)
- Nuclear Island (NSSS) assembles Control Rod Assemblies (Control rod assemblies)
- Conventional Island (Turbine Island) assembles Steam Turbine-Generator (Turbine-generator)
- Conventional Island (Turbine Island) assembles Condenser (Condenser)
- Nuclear Fuel Assembly assembles Zirconium-Alloy Fuel Cladding (Zirconium-alloy cladding)
- Nuclear Fuel Assembly assembles Enriched UO2 Fuel Pellets (UO2 fuel pellets)
- Zirconium-Alloy Fuel Cladding supplies Nuclear-Grade Zirconium Sponge (Nuclear-grade zirconium sponge)
- Nuclear-Grade Zirconium Sponge refines Zirconium/Hafnium Separation & Sponge Refining (Zr-Hf separation / sponge reduction)
- Zirconium/Hafnium Separation & Sponge Refining sources from Zircon Sand (ZrSiO4) (Zircon sand (ZrSiO4))
- Zircon Sand (ZrSiO4) sources from Zircon / Heavy Mineral Sands Mine (Australia) (Zircon ore (Australia))
- Zircon Sand (ZrSiO4) sources from Zircon / Mineral Sands Mine (South Africa) (Zircon ore (South Africa))
- Zirconium/Hafnium Separation & Sponge Refining refines Hafnium Metal (Hafnium co-product)
- Control Rod Assemblies supplies Hafnium Metal (Hafnium absorber)
- Enriched UO2 Fuel Pellets supplies Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU, UF6) (Low-enriched uranium)
- Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU, UF6) refines Uranium Enrichment (Centrifuge) (Centrifuge enrichment)
- Uranium Enrichment (Centrifuge) sources from Uranium Conversion (U3O8 -> UF6) (UF6 feed)
- Uranium Conversion (U3O8 -> UF6) refines Uranium Ore Concentrate (Yellowcake, U3O8) (U3O8 to UF6 conversion)
- Uranium Ore Concentrate (Yellowcake, U3O8) sources from Husab Uranium Mine (Uranium ore (Husab))
- Uranium Ore Concentrate (Yellowcake, U3O8) sources from Rössing Uranium Mine (Uranium ore (Rössing))
- Uranium Ore Concentrate (Yellowcake, U3O8) sources from Irkol & Semizbai Uranium Mines (Uranium ore (Kazakhstan))
- Control Rod Assemblies supplies Silver-Indium-Cadmium Alloy (Ag-In-Cd absorber alloy)
- Silver-Indium-Cadmium Alloy refines Indium Refining (Indium refining)
- Control Rod Assemblies supplies Boron Carbide (B4C) (Boron carbide absorber)
- Boron Carbide (B4C) sources from Borate Ore Mine (Borate ore)
- Steam Generators supplies Inconel 690 / Ni-Cr Superalloy (Inconel 690 tubing)
- Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP) supplies Inconel 690 / Ni-Cr Superalloy (Inconel 690 parts)
- Pressurizer supplies Inconel 690 / Ni-Cr Superalloy (Inconel cladding)
- Inconel 690 / Ni-Cr Superalloy supplies Refined Nickel / Nickel Sulfate (Refined nickel)
- Refined Nickel / Nickel Sulfate refines Nickel Refining (Indonesia, China-invested) (Nickel refining)
- Nickel Refining (Indonesia, China-invested) sources from Nickel Laterite Mine (Nickel laterite ore)
- Inconel 690 / Ni-Cr Superalloy supplies Ferrochrome / Chromium (Chromium (ferrochrome))
- Ferrochrome / Chromium sources from Chromite Mine (Chromite ore)
- Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) supplies Low-Alloy Nuclear Forging Steel (SA-508) (SA-508 low-alloy forging steel)
- Pressurizer supplies Low-Alloy Nuclear Forging Steel (SA-508) (Low-alloy forging steel)
- Reactor Internals supplies Austenitic Stainless Steel (304/316) (Austenitic stainless steel)
- Control Rod Assemblies supplies Austenitic Stainless Steel (304/316) (Stainless cladding)
- Low-Alloy Nuclear Forging Steel (SA-508) supplies Iron Ore (Iron units)
- Austenitic Stainless Steel (304/316) supplies Iron Ore (Iron units)
- Austenitic Stainless Steel (304/316) supplies Ferrochrome / Chromium (Chromium)
- Austenitic Stainless Steel (304/316) supplies Refined Nickel / Nickel Sulfate (Nickel)
- Iron Ore sources from Iron Ore Mine (Iron ore)
- Condenser supplies Titanium (Condenser Tubing) (Titanium tubing)
- Titanium (Condenser Tubing) refines Titanium Sponge Refining (Kroll) (Titanium sponge (Kroll))
- Steam Turbine-Generator supplies Copper (Generator Windings) (Copper windings)
- Copper (Generator Windings) refines Copper Smelting & Refining (Copper refining)
- Copper Smelting & Refining sources from Copper Mine (Copper concentrate)
- Steam Turbine-Generator supplies NdFeB Permanent Magnets (NdFeB magnets (exciter/actuators))
- Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP) supplies NdFeB Permanent Magnets (NdFeB magnets (pump motor))
- NdFeB Permanent Magnets refines Rare Earth Separation & Refining (Rare earth separation)
- Rare Earth Separation & Refining sources from Rare Earth Ore Mine (Rare earth ore)
- Steam Turbine-Generator supplies Low-Alloy Nuclear Forging Steel (SA-508) (Rotor/casing forging steel)
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN), and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Primary sources (2) - government, filings, standards bodies
Secondary sources (19) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hualong_One
- world-nuclear.org world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power
- world-nuclear.org world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-power-reactors/other/heavy-manufacturing-of-power-plants
- yicaiglobal.com yicaiglobal.com/news/dongfang-electric-delivers-china-first-third-generation-nuclear-steam-generator-to-hualong-one-reactor
- en.cnnc.com.cn en.cnnc.com.cn/2019-06/01/c_1023107.htm
- globalsecurity.org globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/cfhi.htm
- world-nuclear.org world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-fuel-cycle
- carnegieendowment.org carnegieendowment.org/posts/2024/07/to-secure-kazakhstans-uranium-chinese-players-were-compelled-to-accommodate-local-partners
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/namibia-uranium-processing-cgn-nuclear-power-talks-2026/
- intellinews.com intellinews.com/namibia-targets-domestic-uranium-processing-in-talks-with-china-s-cgn-453748/
- world-nuclear-news.org world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/China-enters-zirconium-sponge-export-market
- zircon-association.org zircon-association.org/zircon-sand.html
- world-nuclear.org world-nuclear.org/information-library/appendices/mineral-sands-appendix-to-norm-information-paper
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_rod
- jnmtforgedparts.com jnmtforgedparts.com/inconel-690-forgings.html
- csis.org csis.org/analysis/indonesias-nickel-industrial-strategy
- wise-uranium.org wise-uranium.org/eopasi.html
- fissilematerials.org fissilematerials.org/blog/2023/12/china_started_operation_o_1.html
- savree.com savree.com/en/encyclopedia/reactor-coolant-pump-rcp
Common questions
- Where does China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 51 inputs across 8 countries, including 19 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 36 of 51 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 10 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- Yes. China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) is named on the DOD Section 1260H list and the BIS Entity List -- a federal restricted-party designation that makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.