Where does CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) source the inputs in this product?

This map traces 34 inputs across 5 countries, including 13 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.

How much of the CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) supply chain sits in a covered nation?

16 of 34 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 14 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.

Back to supply chains

Where does CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) source its components?

China. Supply chain mapped to 34 inputs across 5 countries.

Federal screeningFlagged

Yes. CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Is CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) a Foreign Entity of Concern?

Upstream sourcing exposure

High68% weighted

16 in covered nations - 14 elevated, of 34 nodes.

Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.

Refining chokepoint

4 of 8 processing/refining steps in covered nations

Where the exposure sits - by supply-chain tier

Producer1

Supplier1

Component7

Processing / Refining8

Raw Material10

Mine / Extraction5

Logistics2

designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed

Loading chain view...

Sourcing Concentration by Country

Covered NationAllied NationOther

Sourcing risk across the graph

Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.

Designated (0%)

Covered nation (47%)

Elevated (41%)

No known factor (12%)

Legend

Node Types

Producer

Supplier

Component

Processing / Refining

Raw Material

Mine / Extraction

Logistics

Sourcing risk

Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list

Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea

Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing

No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance

Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made

Relationships

Transformation - manufactures / assembles

Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)

Supply handoff - supplies / sources from

Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).

Every mapped input in the CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) supply chain

34 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for CMOC Group (China Molybdenum).

Producer (1)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
CMOC Group (China Molybdenum)Headquarters: Luanchuan County, Luoyang, Henan, China	China	Covered nation	Chinese-controlled diversified critical-minerals producer/refiner: world's #1 cobalt, #2 niobium, top-8 copper, leading Mo/W producer. Vertically integrated mine-to-refine-to-trade. FEOC covered entity (Chinese ownership/control).

Supplier (1)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
Sulfuric Acid (leach/beneficiation reagent)Regional Copperbelt supply (Zambia/DRC smelters + imports)	Democratic Republic Of Congo	Elevated sourcing risk	Key reagent for copper atmospheric leaching and phosphate processing. Sourced regionally in the Copperbelt; mixed origin -> review.

Component (7)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
Copper Cathode (Cu)TFM & KFM SX-EW plants, Katanga, DRC	Democratic Republic Of Congo	Elevated sourcing risk	TFM-1 cathode brand LME-listed Mar 2026, ~270kt/yr capacity. CMOC exported ~747kt Cu in 2025 (~22% of DRC copper exports). Produced via atmospheric leach + solvent extraction + electrowinning. China-controlled ownership -> flagged.
Cobalt Hydroxide (Co(OH)2)TFM & KFM hydromet plants, DRC	Democratic Republic Of Congo	Elevated sourcing risk	Intermediate cobalt product (30-40% Co) via SO2 leach + hydrometallurgy. CMOC world's #1 cobalt miner (~114kt in 2024). Standard traded feedstock shipped to China for refining.
Ferromolybdenum / Molybdenum OxideLuanchuan smelting/roasting plants, Henan, China	China	Covered nation	25kt/yr ferromolybdenum smelting + 40kt/yr Mo oxide roasting capacity, largest in China. Steel-alloying product. China-mined and China-refined -> flagged.
Ammonium Paratungstate (APT) / Tungsten ConcentrateLuanchuan, Henan, China	China	Covered nation	APT is the key intermediate for all downstream tungsten products (>75% of W first converted to APT). CMOC has China's #2 tungsten reserves. China-mined + China-refined -> flagged (tungsten is a US-restricted critical mineral, China-dominated).
Ferroniobium (FeNb)Catalão/Ouvidor, Goiás, Brazil	Brazil	Elevated sourcing risk	CMOC is world's #2 niobium producer (~10.3kt in 2025). Mined AND refined to FeNb in Brazil (allied country) but owned/controlled by Chinese CMOC -> ownership makes FEOC status uncertain despite allied geography.
Phosphate Fertilizer (MAP/DAP/TSP)Catalão & Cubatão, Brazil	Brazil	No known risk factor	Brazil's #2 phosphate fertilizer producer. Agricultural product (not a battery/defense critical mineral); Brazil-mined and Brazil-processed. Marked clean on geography though Chinese-owned.
Gold DoréAurizona Mine, Maranhão, Brazil	Brazil	No known risk factor	Acquired Aurizona/RDM/Bahia gold complex from Equinox Gold (Jan 2026, $1.015B) plus Lumina Gold. Brazil-mined gold. Precious metal, allied geography -> clean on geography.

Processing and refining (8)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
SX-EW Copper Refinery (TFM/KFM)Tenke Fungurume & Kisanfu processing plants, DRC	Democratic Republic Of Congo	Elevated sourcing risk	On-site solvent-extraction electrowinning producing LME-grade copper cathode in DRC. China-controlled -> flagged. Rare case of in-DRC refining (not China).
Cobalt Hydromet Plant (TFM/KFM)TFM/KFM hydrometallurgy circuits, DRC	Democratic Republic Of Congo	Elevated sourcing risk	SO2 leach + purification + precipitation producing cobalt hydroxide intermediate in DRC. Chinese-controlled -> flagged.
Chinese Cobalt Refinery (sulfate/metal)Jiangxi / Zhejiang, China	China	Covered nation	THE FEOC chokepoint: converts DRC cobalt hydroxide into battery-grade cobalt sulfate and refined cobalt metal. China controls ~70%+ of global cobalt refining.
Chinese pCAM / Cathode RefinerChina	China	Covered nation	Co-precipitates cobalt/nickel/manganese sulfates into pCAM, then calcines with lithium into NMC cathode. China-dominated midstream -> flagged.
Molybdenum Roaster / FeMo SmelterLuanchuan, Henan, China	China	Covered nation	Roasts molybdenite to Mo oxide (40kt/yr) and smelts ferromolybdenum (25kt/yr). China-refined -> flagged.
Tungsten APT RefineryHenan, China	China	Covered nation	Converts tungsten concentrate to ammonium paratungstate (APT). China controls the tungsten midstream (US-restricted critical mineral) -> flagged.
Ferroniobium Plant (Catalão)Catalão, Goiás, Brazil	Brazil	Elevated sourcing risk	Aluminothermic reduction of pyrochlore concentrate to ferroniobium in Brazil. Allied geography but Chinese-owned -> review.
Phosphate Fertilizer ComplexCatalão & Cubatão, Brazil	Brazil	No known risk factor	Processes apatite ore + sulfuric acid into MAP/DAP/TSP fertilizers in Brazil. Non-critical-mineral end product, allied geography -> clean.

Raw material (10)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
Battery-Grade Cobalt Sulfate (CoSO4)Chinese hydrometallurgical refineries (Jiangxi/Zhejiang)	China	Covered nation	Cobalt hydroxide refined into battery-grade cobalt sulfate in China. China controls ~70%+ of global cobalt refining. Core FEOC chokepoint for NMC cathode battery chain.
Cathode Precursor (pCAM, NMC hydroxide)Chinese precursor plants (e.g. Huayou-type integration)	China	Covered nation	Cobalt sulfate + nickel/manganese sulfate co-precipitated into NMC precursor. China dominates pCAM production. Downstream FEOC-flagged tier of the EV battery supply chain.
NMC Cathode Active Material (CAM)Chinese cathode plants	China	Covered nation	pCAM + lithium calcined into finished NMC cathode active material for Li-ion cells. China-refined -> flagged; the end-use FEOC-sensitive battery material fed by CMOC cobalt.
Refined Cobalt MetalChinese refineries	China	Covered nation	Alternative refined product from cobalt hydroxide: electro-refined cobalt metal for superalloys/defense (aerospace turbine blades, magnets). China-refined -> flagged.
Copper-Cobalt Ore (oxide/sulfide)Central African Copperbelt, Katanga, DRC	Democratic Republic Of Congo	Elevated sourcing risk	Poly-metallic Cu-Co ore; cobalt is a byproduct of copper mining. Extracted at CMOC's DRC mines. China-controlled extraction -> flagged.
Molybdenite / Molybdenum-Tungsten OreSandaozhuang deposit, Luanchuan, Henan	China	Covered nation	CMOC's flagship China orebody: largest Mo reserves + 2nd-largest W reserves in China. Source ore for both ferromolybdenum and APT streams.
Pyrochlore / Phosphate OreCatalão/Ouvidor carbonatite, Goiás, Brazil	Brazil	Elevated sourcing risk	Carbonatite ore hosting both pyrochlore (Nb) and apatite (phosphate). Brazil-mined but Chinese-owned. Niobium is a defense critical mineral -> review given ownership.
Nickel Sulfate (NiSO4)Chinese/Indonesian-Chinese refineries	China	Covered nation	Co-input with cobalt sulfate for NMC precursor. Nickel largely refined in China / Chinese-controlled Indonesian HPAL. China-refined -> flagged.
Manganese Sulfate (MnSO4)Chinese refineries	China	Covered nation	Third metal sulfate input to NMC precursor. High-purity manganese sulfate almost entirely refined in China -> flagged.
Lithium Carbonate / HydroxideChinese lithium refineries	China	Covered nation	Lithium input to convert pCAM into finished cathode. China dominates lithium chemical refining -> flagged. (CMOC partner CATL holds stake in KFM cobalt mine.)

Mine and extraction (5)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
Tenke Fungurume Mine (TFM)Tenke Fungurume, Lualaba, DRC	Democratic Republic Of Congo	Elevated sourcing risk	CMOC 80% stake (bought from Freeport 2016, $2.65B w/ Chinese state-bank loans). ~22.5kt/yr cobalt + major copper. Chinese-controlled DRC mine -> flagged.
Kisanfu Mine (KFM)Kisanfu, Lualaba, DRC	Democratic Republic Of Congo	Elevated sourcing risk	CMOC ~71.25% (CATL holds ~25%). World's largest cobalt mine by output (~25.5kt/yr). $1.08B Phase 2 expansion (2027). Chinese-controlled -> flagged.
Sandaozhuang Mo-W MineLuanchuan County, Luoyang, Henan, China	China	Covered nation	Wholly-owned open-pit; largest proven Mo reserves + 2nd-largest W reserves in China. Source of Mo and W ore. China -> flagged.
Catalão Niobium-Phosphate Mine (NML/NNM)Catalão/Ouvidor, Goiás, Brazil	Brazil	Elevated sourcing risk	CMOC 100% (acquired from Anglo American 2016). One of only two major Nb mines globally (with CBMM Araxá). Brazil-mined, Chinese-owned -> review.
Aurizona Gold MineGodofredo Viana, Maranhão, Brazil	Brazil	No known risk factor	Open-pit + underground gold mine acquired from Equinox Gold Jan 2026. Brazil-mined -> clean on geography.

Logistics (2)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
IXM Metals TradingHQ Geneva, Switzerland; offices in 12 countries	Switzerland	Elevated sourcing risk	CMOC's wholly-owned trading arm (fully acquired 2019), world's #3 base-metals trader. Markets entire TFM/KFM copper and cobalt output. Chinese-controlled distribution channel -> flagged.
Lobito / Indian Ocean Export CorridorKatanga (DRC) -> Lobito port (Angola) / Dar es Salaam & Durban routes	Angola	Elevated sourcing risk	Physical export logistics for DRC copper/cobalt. Lobito rail cuts transit to 5-8 days vs 30-36. Contested US-vs-China corridor -> review (mixed control).

Material flow (45 relationships)

CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) manufactures Copper Cathode (Cu) (Copper cathode)
CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) manufactures Cobalt Hydroxide (Co(OH)2) (Cobalt hydroxide)
CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) manufactures Ferromolybdenum / Molybdenum Oxide (Ferromolybdenum)
CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) manufactures Ammonium Paratungstate (APT) / Tungsten Concentrate (Tungsten APT)
CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) manufactures Ferroniobium (FeNb) (Ferroniobium)
CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) manufactures Phosphate Fertilizer (MAP/DAP/TSP) (Phosphate fertilizer)
CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) manufactures Gold Doré (Gold doré)
Cobalt Hydroxide (Co(OH)2) refines Battery-Grade Cobalt Sulfate (CoSO4) (Cobalt hydroxide -> cobalt sulfate)
Cobalt Hydroxide (Co(OH)2) refines Refined Cobalt Metal (Cobalt hydroxide -> cobalt metal)
Battery-Grade Cobalt Sulfate (CoSO4) supplies Cathode Precursor (pCAM, NMC hydroxide) (Cobalt sulfate)
Cathode Precursor (pCAM, NMC hydroxide) supplies NMC Cathode Active Material (CAM) (NMC precursor)
Cathode Precursor (pCAM, NMC hydroxide) sources from Nickel Sulfate (NiSO4) (Nickel sulfate)
Cathode Precursor (pCAM, NMC hydroxide) sources from Manganese Sulfate (MnSO4) (Manganese sulfate)
NMC Cathode Active Material (CAM) sources from Lithium Carbonate / Hydroxide (Lithium carbonate/hydroxide)
Copper Cathode (Cu) sources from Copper-Cobalt Ore (oxide/sulfide) (Copper-cobalt ore)
Cobalt Hydroxide (Co(OH)2) sources from Copper-Cobalt Ore (oxide/sulfide) (Copper-cobalt ore (cobalt byproduct))
Ferromolybdenum / Molybdenum Oxide sources from Molybdenite / Molybdenum-Tungsten Ore (Molybdenum ore)
Ammonium Paratungstate (APT) / Tungsten Concentrate sources from Molybdenite / Molybdenum-Tungsten Ore (Tungsten ore (Mo-W deposit))
Ferroniobium (FeNb) sources from Pyrochlore / Phosphate Ore (Pyrochlore ore)
Phosphate Fertilizer (MAP/DAP/TSP) sources from Pyrochlore / Phosphate Ore (Phosphate/apatite ore)
Copper-Cobalt Ore (oxide/sulfide) sources from Tenke Fungurume Mine (TFM) (Cu-Co ore extraction)
Copper-Cobalt Ore (oxide/sulfide) sources from Kisanfu Mine (KFM) (Cu-Co ore extraction)
Molybdenite / Molybdenum-Tungsten Ore sources from Sandaozhuang Mo-W Mine (Mo-W ore extraction)
Pyrochlore / Phosphate Ore sources from Catalão Niobium-Phosphate Mine (NML/NNM) (Pyrochlore/apatite extraction)
Gold Doré sources from Aurizona Gold Mine (Gold ore extraction)
Tenke Fungurume Mine (TFM) refines SX-EW Copper Refinery (TFM/KFM) (Ore -> copper cathode (SX-EW))
Kisanfu Mine (KFM) refines SX-EW Copper Refinery (TFM/KFM) (Ore -> copper cathode (SX-EW))
Tenke Fungurume Mine (TFM) refines Cobalt Hydromet Plant (TFM/KFM) (Ore -> cobalt hydroxide)
Kisanfu Mine (KFM) refines Cobalt Hydromet Plant (TFM/KFM) (Ore -> cobalt hydroxide)
SX-EW Copper Refinery (TFM/KFM) refines Copper Cathode (Cu) (Copper cathode)
Cobalt Hydromet Plant (TFM/KFM) refines Cobalt Hydroxide (Co(OH)2) (Cobalt hydroxide)
Battery-Grade Cobalt Sulfate (CoSO4) refines Chinese Cobalt Refinery (sulfate/metal) (Hydroxide -> sulfate (China chokepoint))
Refined Cobalt Metal refines Chinese Cobalt Refinery (sulfate/metal) (Hydroxide -> cobalt metal (China chokepoint))
Cathode Precursor (pCAM, NMC hydroxide) refines Chinese pCAM / Cathode Refiner (Sulfates -> pCAM)
NMC Cathode Active Material (CAM) refines Chinese pCAM / Cathode Refiner (pCAM + Li -> NMC cathode)
Ferromolybdenum / Molybdenum Oxide refines Molybdenum Roaster / FeMo Smelter (Molybdenite -> FeMo/Mo oxide)
Ammonium Paratungstate (APT) / Tungsten Concentrate refines Tungsten APT Refinery (W concentrate -> APT)
Ferroniobium (FeNb) refines Ferroniobium Plant (Catalão) (Pyrochlore -> ferroniobium)
Phosphate Fertilizer (MAP/DAP/TSP) refines Phosphate Fertilizer Complex (Apatite -> fertilizer)
Copper Cathode (Cu) supplies IXM Metals Trading (Copper marketing/trading)
Cobalt Hydroxide (Co(OH)2) supplies IXM Metals Trading (Cobalt marketing/trading)
Copper Cathode (Cu) supplies Lobito / Indian Ocean Export Corridor (Physical export logistics)
Cobalt Hydroxide (Co(OH)2) supplies Lobito / Indian Ocean Export Corridor (Physical export logistics)
SX-EW Copper Refinery (TFM/KFM) sources from Sulfuric Acid (leach/beneficiation reagent) (Sulfuric acid (leach reagent))
Phosphate Fertilizer Complex sources from Sulfuric Acid (leach/beneficiation reagent) (Sulfuric acid (fertilizer reagent))

Sources and methodology

Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for CMOC Group (China Molybdenum), and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.

Secondary sources (22) - trade press, analysts, reference works

Common questions

Where does CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) source the inputs in this product?: This map traces 34 inputs across 5 countries, including 13 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
How much of the CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) supply chain sits in a covered nation?: 16 of 34 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 14 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
Is CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?: Yes. CMOC Group (China Molybdenum) is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.

Federal list screening for CMOC Group (China Molybdenum)Open in workspace