Back to supply chains
Where does Enphase Energy source its components?
United States. Supply chain mapped to 42 inputs across 10 countries.
Federal screeningClean
No federal designation found. Enphase Energy is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List), and the United States is not a covered nation under the FEOC rules. Is Enphase Energy a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High50% weighted
15 in covered nations - 12 elevated, of 42 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
4 of 5 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Supplier3
Component17
Processing / Refining5
Raw Material8
Mine / Extraction7
Logistics1
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
Loading chain view...
Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
0
Designated (0%)
15
Covered nation (36%)
12
Elevated (29%)
15
No known factor (36%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the Enphase Energy supply chain
42 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Enphase Energy.
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enphase EnergyFremont, California (HQ); design & final integration | United States | Elevated sourcing risk | Fabless product company (microinverters + IQ Batteries). US/allied final assembly is clean, but LFP battery cells remain China-sourced through at least early 2026, so overall status is review until the non-China cell supply ramps. |
Supplier (3)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flex (contract manufacturer)Guadalajara, Mexico; West Columbia, South Carolina | Mexico | No known risk factor | Builds North American microinverters; also runs US line in SC. |
| Salcomp (contract manufacturer)Arlington, Texas | United States | No known risk factor | Third US contract manufacturer for IQ microinverters (shipments began 2023). |
| Salcomp (contract manufacturer)Chennai, India | India | No known risk factor | Builds IQ microinverters and IQ Battery 5P packs for non-US markets. |
Component (17)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| IQ8 Series MicroinverterFinal assembly at US/Mexico/India contract factories | United States | No known risk factor | Grid-forming microinverter; core product converting panel DC to grid AC. |
| IQ Battery (LFP Storage)Pack assembly US; cells imported | United States | Elevated sourcing risk | IQ Battery 5P / 10C use LFP cells; cells sourced from two China vendors as of 2025, tariffed at up to 145%. |
| Proprietary Application-Specific IC (ASIC)55nm node; historically foundry-built (Fujitsu named in early filings) | Japan | Elevated sourcing risk | Enphase-designed controller ASIC; fabricated at an outside foundry (Japan/Taiwan). Allied-fabbed but exact node not disclosed -> review. |
| Master Controller / MicrocontrollerEnphase-marked controller + TI buck regulators | United States | No known risk factor | Teardowns show Enphase master controller plus Texas Instruments buck chips powering it. |
| Power MOSFETs (H-bridge + output stage)onsemi H-bridge FETs; Infineon output-modulating MOSFET | Germany | No known risk factor | IQ7/IQ8 teardowns identify onsemi and Infineon (IPT60R102G7) power MOSFETs. Allied fabs (US/EU/Malaysia). |
| Gate Drivers / Analog ICsMPS, TI analog/power management | United States | No known risk factor | Monolithic Power Systems and TI supply analog/power-management ICs seen in teardowns. |
| Printed Circuit Board (PCB)Multilayer FR-4 board | Taiwan | Elevated sourcing risk | Bare board fab concentrated in Taiwan/China; laminate & fab sourcing mixed -> review. |
| Aluminum Electrolytic CapacitorsNippon Chemi-Con 63V 3300uF (per teardown) | Japan | No known risk factor | DC-link bulk capacitors identified as Chemi-Con (Japan). Film caps also present (EPCOS/TDK). |
| Magnetics (inductors / transformer)EPCOS/TDK ferrite cores + copper windings | Germany | Elevated sourcing risk | Input-filter inductor and isolation magnetics; EPCOS (TDK) cores. Ferrite/rare-earth-free but copper wire + core sourcing mixed -> review. |
| Die-Cast Aluminum EnclosureWeatherproof die-cast housing + heat sink | United States | Elevated sourcing risk | Aluminum housing / heat sink; casting can be regional but aluminum ingot upstream is China-heavy -> review. |
| LFP Battery Cell (prismatic)Cell manufacturing in China (2 vendors as of 2025) | China | Covered nation | Cobalt-free LiFePO4 cells; Enphase sources from two China vendors, non-China supply targeted for Q1-Q2 2026. China makes >98% of LFP cells. |
| LFP Cathode Active MaterialLiFePO4 olivine cathode (e.g. Hunan Yuneng/Dynanonic tier) | China | Covered nation | China produces ~95-98% of LFP cathode active material; a handful of Chinese firms supply ~70% globally -> flagged. |
| Graphite AnodeCoated spherical / synthetic graphite anode | China | Covered nation | Anode active material and coating overwhelmingly processed in China -> flagged. |
| Electrolyte (LiPF6 + solvents)LiPF6 salt in carbonate solvents | China | Covered nation | Battery electrolyte and LiPF6 salt production concentrated in China -> flagged. |
| Cell SeparatorCoated polyolefin separator film | China | Covered nation | Wet-process separator supply is China-heavy (some Japan/US) -> flagged. |
| Aluminum Cathode Current Collector FoilBattery-grade aluminum foil | China | Covered nation | Battery aluminum foil supply concentrated in China -> flagged. |
| Iron Phosphate Precursor (pCAM)High tap-density FePO4 | China | Covered nation | pCAM for LFP; China dominates high-tap-density iron phosphate (byproduct of titanium industry) -> flagged. |
Processing and refining (5)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silicon Metal SmelterArc-furnace metallurgical-grade silicon | United States | Elevated sourcing risk | Quartz smelted with carbon to metallurgical silicon, then purified to polysilicon. China holds ~70%+ of global silicon-metal smelting; allied smelters (US/Norway) exist -> review. |
| Aluminum Smelter (primary ingot)Alumina refining + electrolytic smelting | China | Covered nation | China (Chalco et al.) dominates primary aluminum smelting and alumina refining; ingot supply is China-heavy -> flagged. |
| Copper Refinery / SmelterAnode + electrolytic cathode copper | China | Covered nation | China refines ~40% of world copper and imports ~31% of raw copper from Chile; refining is the FEOC chokepoint even when ore is allied -> flagged. |
| Lithium Refinery (converter)Spodumene -> lithium carbonate/hydroxide | China | Covered nation | ~98% of Australian spodumene is exported to China for conversion; refining is the FEOC chokepoint -> flagged. |
| Spherical Graphite / Anode RefinerSpheronization, HF purification (99.95%+), coating | China | Covered nation | China controls >90% of spherical purified graphite and anode processing -> flagged. |
Raw material (8)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silicon Wafer (device grade)Prime polished monocrystalline wafers | Japan | Elevated sourcing risk | Wafers feed the ASIC and power MOSFET fabs; top device-wafer suppliers are Japanese (Shin-Etsu, SUMCO) and allied, but Chinese wafer capacity is rising -> review. |
| Electronic-Grade PolysiliconSemiconductor-grade (11N) polysilicon | United States | No known risk factor | EG-poly is allied-dominated: US Hemlock, Germany Wacker, Japan Tokuyama/Mitsubishi. Distinct from solar poly (China-dominated). |
| Copper-Clad Laminate (CCL)FR-4 epoxy/glass laminate + copper foil | Taiwan | Elevated sourcing risk | CCL supply led by Taiwan (Elite Material, TUC, Iteq) and China (Shengyi). Mixed allied/China -> review. |
| Electrodeposited Copper FoilHVLP / standard copper foil for CCL | Japan | Elevated sourcing risk | Copper foil supply led by Japan (Mitsui, Furukawa) and Taiwan (Co-Tech), with large Chinese volume -> review. |
| Copper Winding WireMagnet wire from refined cathode copper | Chile | Elevated sourcing risk | Enameled copper wire for windings; upstream copper mined in Chile, much refined in China (~40% global copper refining) -> review. |
| Purified Phosphoric Acid (PPA)Battery-grade PPA | China | Covered nation | China holds ~two-thirds to three-quarters of global purified phosphoric acid capacity -> flagged. |
| Lithium Carbonate (battery grade)Li2CO3 conversion plant | China | Covered nation | China controls ~65% of global lithium refining; spodumene converted to battery-grade Li2CO3 largely in China -> flagged. |
| Synthetic Graphite (petroleum coke route)Needle coke graphitized >2500C | China | Covered nation | Synthetic anode graphite from petroleum/needle coke, graphitized mostly in China -> flagged. |
Mine and extraction (7)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-Purity Quartz MineSpruce Pine, North Carolina & global HPQ deposits | United States | No known risk factor | Silica/quartz feedstock for silicon metal. Spruce Pine NC is the premier allied high-purity quartz source. |
| Bauxite MineBauxite ore for alumina | Australia | No known risk factor | Bauxite mined largely in Australia/Guinea (allied), then refined to alumina and smelted (much in China). |
| Copper MineEscondida / Chilean copper belt | Chile | No known risk factor | Chile is the leading allied copper miner; ore largely exported to China for refining. |
| Phosphate Rock MinePhosphate rock for PPA | China | Covered nation | Phosphate rock mined in China, Morocco, US; PPA refining chokepoint sits in China. |
| Lithium (Spodumene) MineGreenbushes / Pilbara hard-rock spodumene | Australia | No known risk factor | Australia is the leading allied hard-rock lithium miner; ore mostly refined in China. |
| Lithium Brine OperationSalar de Atacama brine | Chile | No known risk factor | Chile brine is a second major allied lithium source feeding lithium carbonate. |
| Natural Graphite MineFlake graphite ore (also Madagascar/Brazil) | Mozambique | No known risk factor | Mining is geographically diverse (Mozambique/Madagascar/Brazil/China) but processing is nearly all China. |
Logistics (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ocean / Cross-Border LogisticsChina/India/Mexico -> US import lanes | United States | Elevated sourcing risk | Cells and sub-assemblies move via Asia->US ocean freight; tariff exposure on China-origin cells. |
Material flow (47 relationships)
- Enphase Energy manufactures IQ8 Series Microinverter (IQ8 microinverter)
- Enphase Energy manufactures IQ Battery (LFP Storage) (IQ Battery storage)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Flex (contract manufacturer) (microinverter final assembly)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Salcomp (contract manufacturer) (microinverter final assembly)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Salcomp (contract manufacturer) (microinverter final assembly)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Proprietary Application-Specific IC (ASIC) (controller ASIC)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Master Controller / Microcontroller (master controller)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Power MOSFETs (H-bridge + output stage) (power MOSFETs)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Gate Drivers / Analog ICs (gate drivers / analog ICs)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Printed Circuit Board (PCB) (printed circuit board)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (electrolytic capacitors)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Magnetics (inductors / transformer) (magnetics)
- IQ8 Series Microinverter assembles Die-Cast Aluminum Enclosure (aluminum enclosure)
- Proprietary Application-Specific IC (ASIC) sources from Silicon Wafer (device grade) (silicon wafer)
- Power MOSFETs (H-bridge + output stage) sources from Silicon Wafer (device grade) (silicon wafer)
- Master Controller / Microcontroller sources from Silicon Wafer (device grade) (silicon wafer)
- Gate Drivers / Analog ICs sources from Silicon Wafer (device grade) (silicon wafer)
- Silicon Wafer (device grade) sources from Electronic-Grade Polysilicon (electronic-grade polysilicon)
- Electronic-Grade Polysilicon refines Silicon Metal Smelter (silicon metal -> polysilicon)
- Silicon Metal Smelter sources from High-Purity Quartz Mine (high-purity quartz)
- Printed Circuit Board (PCB) sources from Copper-Clad Laminate (CCL) (copper-clad laminate)
- Copper-Clad Laminate (CCL) sources from Electrodeposited Copper Foil (copper foil)
- Electrodeposited Copper Foil refines Copper Refinery / Smelter (refined copper -> foil)
- Magnetics (inductors / transformer) sources from Copper Winding Wire (copper winding wire)
- Copper Winding Wire refines Copper Refinery / Smelter (copper cathode -> magnet wire)
- Copper Refinery / Smelter sources from Copper Mine (copper ore/concentrate)
- Die-Cast Aluminum Enclosure refines Aluminum Smelter (primary ingot) (aluminum ingot -> casting)
- Aluminum Smelter (primary ingot) sources from Bauxite Mine (bauxite ore)
- IQ Battery (LFP Storage) assembles LFP Battery Cell (prismatic) (LFP cell)
- LFP Battery Cell (prismatic) assembles LFP Cathode Active Material (cathode active material)
- LFP Battery Cell (prismatic) assembles Graphite Anode (graphite anode)
- LFP Battery Cell (prismatic) assembles Electrolyte (LiPF6 + solvents) (electrolyte)
- LFP Battery Cell (prismatic) assembles Cell Separator (separator)
- LFP Battery Cell (prismatic) assembles Aluminum Cathode Current Collector Foil (aluminum current collector foil)
- LFP Cathode Active Material sources from Iron Phosphate Precursor (pCAM) (iron phosphate precursor (pCAM))
- LFP Cathode Active Material sources from Lithium Carbonate (battery grade) (lithium carbonate)
- Iron Phosphate Precursor (pCAM) sources from Purified Phosphoric Acid (PPA) (purified phosphoric acid)
- Purified Phosphoric Acid (PPA) sources from Phosphate Rock Mine (phosphate rock)
- Lithium Carbonate (battery grade) refines Lithium Refinery (converter) (spodumene -> lithium carbonate)
- Lithium Refinery (converter) sources from Lithium (Spodumene) Mine (spodumene concentrate)
- Lithium Carbonate (battery grade) sources from Lithium Brine Operation (lithium brine)
- Graphite Anode refines Spherical Graphite / Anode Refiner (graphite -> spherical/coated anode)
- Spherical Graphite / Anode Refiner sources from Natural Graphite Mine (natural flake graphite)
- Graphite Anode sources from Synthetic Graphite (petroleum coke route) (synthetic graphite)
- Aluminum Cathode Current Collector Foil refines Aluminum Smelter (primary ingot) (aluminum -> battery foil)
- IQ Battery (LFP Storage) sources from Ocean / Cross-Border Logistics (imported cells/sub-assemblies)
- LFP Battery Cell (prismatic) sources from Ocean / Cross-Border Logistics (China->US cell freight)
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Enphase Energy, and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Primary sources (2) - government, filings, standards bodies
Secondary sources (28) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- chargerlab.com chargerlab.com/teardown-of-enphase-iq7-microinverter/
- chargerlab.com chargerlab.com/teardown-of-enphase-iq8x-microinverter/
- enphase.com enphase.com/sites/default/files/2021-10/IQ8-Series-DS-US.pdf
- solarpowerworldonline.com solarpowerworldonline.com/2023/08/enphase-starts-solar-microinverter-shipments-third-manufacturer/
- solarpowerworldonline.com solarpowerworldonline.com/2024/04/us-solar-industry-leans-on-contract-manufacturers-to-boost-domestic-output-of-inverters-trackers/
- solarbuildermag.com solarbuildermag.com/news/enphase-now-shipping-iq-microinverters-from-third-u-s-factory/
- canarymedia.com canarymedia.com/articles/solar/enphase-to-manufacture-solar-inverters-in-us-spurred-by-new-tax-credits
- utilitydive.com utilitydive.com/news/enphase-solar-batteries-china-tariff-earnings/746175/
- pv-magazine-usa.com pv-magazine-usa.com/2025/05/01/enphase-energy-increases-deployment-of-u-s-made-microinverters-and-batteries/
- ess-news.com ess-news.com/2025/07/30/enphase-launches-new-fourth-gen-energy-system-with-new-7-08-kw-battery-iq-battery-10c-and-us-domestic-manufacturing/
- investor.enphase.com investor.enphase.com/news-releases/news-release-details/enphase-energy-begins-shipments-iq-battery-5ps-india
- ainvest.com ainvest.com/news/enphase-moves-battery-manufacturing-out-of-china-a-strategic-shift-250210108ed0bfe0d99405e5/
- sciencedirect.com sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248525000071
- ufinebattery.com ufinebattery.com/blog/how-china-dominates-the-global-lfp-battery-market/
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_iron_phosphate_battery
- cen.acs.org cen.acs.org/energy/energy-storage-/Lithium-iron-phosphate-comes-to-America/101/i4
- source.benchmarkminerals.com source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/infographic-china-controls-three-quarters-of-graphite-anode-supply-chain
- metals-hub.com metals-hub.com/en/blog/graphite-supply-chain/
- large.stanford.edu large.stanford.edu/courses/2025/ph240/mann1/
- mckinsey.com mckinsey.com/industries/metals-and-mining/our-insights/australias-potential-in-the-lithium-market
- waferpro.com waferpro.com/chinas-dominance-in-the-global-silicon-supply/
- minespider.com minespider.com/blog/know-the-source-the-polysilicon-supply-chain
- itif.org itif.org/publications/2025/09/08/china-plans-to-dominate-a-key-semiconductor-material/
- faxiangongchang.com faxiangongchang.com/en/reports/china-ccl-copper-clad-laminate-2026
- eetasia.com eetasia.com/ai-computing-surge-reshapes-pcb-material-landscape/
- features.csis.org features.csis.org/copper-in-latin-america/
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/aluminium-producers-manufacturers-value-chain-mine-market-2026/
- infineon.com infineon.com/application/micro-inverter-solutions
Common questions
- Where does Enphase Energy source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 42 inputs across 10 countries, including 12 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the Enphase Energy supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 15 of 42 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 12 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is Enphase Energy itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- No federal designation found. Enphase Energy is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List), and the United States is not a covered nation under the FEOC rules. Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.