Back to supply chains
Where does Envision AESC source its components?
Japan. Supply chain mapped to 35 inputs across 7 countries.
Federal screeningUnder Review
Uncertain. AESC (Envision AESC) is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, and is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Its FEOC status for a given project is still unresolved and depends on ownership or component-level analysis. Is Envision AESC a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High87% weighted
26 in covered nations - 9 elevated, of 35 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
5 of 5 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Component12
Processing / Refining5
Raw Material11
Mine / Extraction5
Logistics1
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
Loading chain view...
Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
0
Designated (0%)
26
Covered nation (74%)
9
Elevated (26%)
0
No known factor (0%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the Envision AESC supply chain
35 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Envision AESC.
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Envision AESCHQ Zama, Kanagawa, Japan; gigafactories in Japan, UK (Sunderland), France (Douai), US (Smyrna TN, Bowling Green KY, Florence SC) | Japan | Elevated sourcing risk | Japanese lithium-ion cell maker (majority owned by China's Envision Group). Builds NCM 811 and LFP cells. Chinese parent + heavy China-refined midstream = review status. |
Component (12)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCM 811 Lithium-ion CellAESC gigafactories | Japan | Elevated sourcing risk | Gen5 high-nickel (80% Ni) pouch/large-format cell; primary EV product line. |
| LFP Lithium-ion CellAESC gigafactories | Japan | Elevated sourcing risk | Lithium iron phosphate cell line for cost-sensitive EV/ESS applications. |
| NMC Cathode Active Material (CAM)Umicore Cheonan (Korea) and Loyalist, Ontario (Canada) | Belgium | Elevated sourcing risk | 10-yr Umicore supply deal for US plants; NMC 811 CAM. Allied CAM synthesis but upstream pCAM/metals often China-refined. |
| LFP Cathode Active Material | China | Covered nation | LFP CAM supply chain is overwhelmingly China-based (>90% of global LFP CAM). |
| Graphite Anode Material | China | Covered nation | China produces 93% of graphite anode material and 99% of spherical graphite; subject to Dec 2023 China export controls. |
| Battery Separator (PE/PP) | China | Covered nation | Polyethylene/polypropylene microporous separator; China dominates coated separator supply. |
| Electrolyte | China | Covered nation | Carbonate solvent + LiPF6 salt + additives; China supplies majority of global electrolyte. |
| Copper Foil (anode current collector) | China | Covered nation | Battery-grade rolled/electrodeposited copper foil; China dominates (Jiangxi Copper, Hailiang, Tongling). |
| Aluminum Foil (cathode current collector) | China | Covered nation | Battery-grade aluminum foil; China dominates (Joinworld, Wanshun) supply to cell makers. |
| Cell Casing / Laminate Film | Japan | Elevated sourcing risk | Aluminum laminate pouch film / cell housing; mixed Japan/China sourcing. |
| pCAM (NMC Precursor)Umicore China (80kt/yr) + Umicore Finland (20kt/yr) | China | Covered nation | Precursor cathode active material; Umicore's pCAM capacity is ~80% in China. Nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide precursor. |
| Iron Phosphate Precursor | China | Covered nation | FePO4 precursor for LFP CAM; China-based. |
Processing and refining (5)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel Sulfate Refiner (China)Chinese hydrometallurgical refineries (e.g. Huayou-linked) | China | Covered nation | Refines Indonesian MHP into battery-grade nickel sulfate. FEOC chokepoint. |
| Cobalt Sulfate Refiner (China)Chinese cobalt refineries | China | Covered nation | Converts DRC cobalt hydroxide to CoSO4; ~70% of global cobalt refining. FEOC chokepoint. |
| HPMSM Refiner (China)Chinese HPMSM plants | China | Covered nation | Upgrades EMM / manganese ore to high-purity sulfate; 85-96% of world capacity. FEOC chokepoint. |
| Lithium Converter (China)Chinese lithium conversion plants | China | Covered nation | Converts Australian spodumene to LiOH/Li2CO3; ~81% of spodumene conversion by 2027. FEOC chokepoint. |
| Graphite Processor (China)Chinese spheronization/purification/graphitization plants | China | Covered nation | Spheronizes and purifies flake graphite and graphitizes coke. ~98% of capacity. FEOC chokepoint. |
Raw material (11)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel Sulfate (battery grade) | China | Covered nation | NiSO4 hexahydrate; China refines the bulk of battery-grade nickel sulfate from Indonesian MHP feedstock. |
| Cobalt Sulfate (battery grade) | China | Covered nation | CoSO4; China controls ~70% of cobalt refining, converting DRC hydroxide into battery-grade sulfate. |
| High-Purity Manganese Sulfate (HPMSM) | China | Covered nation | HPMSM >=99.95%; China controls 85-96% of global HPMSM refining. |
| Lithium Hydroxide (battery grade) | China | Covered nation | LiOH for high-nickel NMC; ~67% of lithium refining and ~81% of spodumene conversion is in China. |
| Lithium Carbonate (battery grade) | China | Covered nation | Li2CO3 used for LFP; China-dominated conversion. |
| Lithium Hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) | China | Covered nation | Primary electrolyte salt; China dominates LiPF6 production. |
| Coated Spherical Graphite | China | Covered nation | Milled, purified, carbon-coated spherical graphite; ~99% produced in China. |
| Synthetic Graphite | China | Covered nation | Graphitized needle/petroleum coke; China holds ~98% of graphitization capacity. |
| Refined Copper | China | Covered nation | Copper cathode feedstock for foil; China is largest copper refiner though ore is global. |
| Refined Aluminum | China | Covered nation | Primary aluminum for foil; China is ~55% of global primary aluminum output. |
| Petroleum / Needle Coke | China | Covered nation | Feedstock for synthetic graphite; sourced from petroleum refining, much processed in China. |
Mine and extraction (5)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel Laterite Mine (Indonesia)Sulawesi/Halmahera HPAL operations | Indonesia | Elevated sourcing risk | Indonesian limonite/saprolite laterite; HPAL plants largely China-backed (Huayou, Tsingshan) producing MHP. |
| Cobalt Mine (DR Congo)Katanga copper-cobalt belt | Democratic Republic Of Congo | Elevated sourcing risk | DRC + Zambia = ~71% of mined cobalt; most exported as hydroxide to China. Many DRC mines Chinese-operated. |
| Manganese Mine (South Africa / Gabon)Kalahari manganese field (ZA); Moanda (Gabon) | South Africa | Elevated sourcing risk | South Africa/Gabon lead global manganese ore, but ore is shipped to China for refining. |
| Spodumene Mine (Australia)Greenbushes / Pilgangoora, Western Australia | Australia | Elevated sourcing risk | Largest hard-rock lithium mines; ~96% of Australian spodumene exported to China for conversion. |
| Natural Flake Graphite MineHeilongjiang / Inner Mongolia | China | Covered nation | China mines >60% of natural graphite; also Mozambique/Madagascar feed but China refines. |
Logistics (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trans-Pacific / Trans-Eurasia Logistics | China | Covered nation | MHP/hydroxide/spodumene shipping to China refineries, then finished materials to AESC plants. |
Material flow (43 relationships)
- Envision AESC manufactures NCM 811 Lithium-ion Cell (NCM 811 cell)
- Envision AESC manufactures LFP Lithium-ion Cell (LFP cell)
- NCM 811 Lithium-ion Cell assembles NMC Cathode Active Material (CAM) (NMC cathode)
- NCM 811 Lithium-ion Cell assembles Graphite Anode Material (graphite anode)
- NCM 811 Lithium-ion Cell assembles Battery Separator (PE/PP) (separator)
- NCM 811 Lithium-ion Cell assembles Electrolyte (electrolyte)
- NCM 811 Lithium-ion Cell assembles Copper Foil (anode current collector) (copper foil)
- NCM 811 Lithium-ion Cell assembles Aluminum Foil (cathode current collector) (aluminum foil)
- NCM 811 Lithium-ion Cell assembles Cell Casing / Laminate Film (cell casing / laminate film)
- LFP Lithium-ion Cell assembles LFP Cathode Active Material (LFP cathode)
- LFP Lithium-ion Cell assembles Graphite Anode Material (graphite anode)
- LFP Lithium-ion Cell assembles Battery Separator (PE/PP) (separator)
- LFP Lithium-ion Cell assembles Electrolyte (electrolyte)
- LFP Lithium-ion Cell assembles Copper Foil (anode current collector) (copper foil)
- LFP Lithium-ion Cell assembles Aluminum Foil (cathode current collector) (aluminum foil)
- NMC Cathode Active Material (CAM) supplies pCAM (NMC Precursor) (pCAM precursor)
- NMC Cathode Active Material (CAM) supplies Lithium Hydroxide (battery grade) (lithium hydroxide)
- LFP Cathode Active Material supplies Iron Phosphate Precursor (iron phosphate precursor)
- LFP Cathode Active Material supplies Lithium Carbonate (battery grade) (lithium carbonate)
- pCAM (NMC Precursor) supplies Nickel Sulfate (battery grade) (nickel sulfate)
- pCAM (NMC Precursor) supplies Cobalt Sulfate (battery grade) (cobalt sulfate)
- pCAM (NMC Precursor) supplies High-Purity Manganese Sulfate (HPMSM) (manganese sulfate)
- Graphite Anode Material supplies Coated Spherical Graphite (coated spherical graphite)
- Graphite Anode Material supplies Synthetic Graphite (synthetic graphite)
- Electrolyte supplies Lithium Hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) (LiPF6 salt)
- Copper Foil (anode current collector) supplies Refined Copper (refined copper)
- Aluminum Foil (cathode current collector) supplies Refined Aluminum (refined aluminum)
- Nickel Sulfate (battery grade) refines Nickel Sulfate Refiner (China) (nickel sulfate refining)
- Nickel Sulfate Refiner (China) sources from Nickel Laterite Mine (Indonesia) (nickel MHP / laterite ore)
- Cobalt Sulfate (battery grade) refines Cobalt Sulfate Refiner (China) (cobalt sulfate refining)
- Cobalt Sulfate Refiner (China) sources from Cobalt Mine (DR Congo) (cobalt hydroxide / ore)
- High-Purity Manganese Sulfate (HPMSM) refines HPMSM Refiner (China) (HPMSM refining)
- HPMSM Refiner (China) sources from Manganese Mine (South Africa / Gabon) (manganese ore)
- Lithium Hydroxide (battery grade) refines Lithium Converter (China) (lithium hydroxide conversion)
- Lithium Carbonate (battery grade) refines Lithium Converter (China) (lithium carbonate conversion)
- Lithium Converter (China) sources from Spodumene Mine (Australia) (spodumene concentrate)
- Coated Spherical Graphite refines Graphite Processor (China) (spheronization / purification)
- Synthetic Graphite refines Graphite Processor (China) (graphitization)
- Graphite Processor (China) sources from Natural Flake Graphite Mine (flake graphite ore)
- Synthetic Graphite supplies Petroleum / Needle Coke (needle / petroleum coke)
- Nickel Laterite Mine (Indonesia) sources from Trans-Pacific / Trans-Eurasia Logistics (MHP shipping to China)
- Cobalt Mine (DR Congo) sources from Trans-Pacific / Trans-Eurasia Logistics (cobalt hydroxide shipping to China)
- Spodumene Mine (Australia) sources from Trans-Pacific / Trans-Eurasia Logistics (spodumene shipping to China)
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Envision AESC, and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Primary sources (2) - government, filings, standards bodies
Secondary sources (23) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- insideevs.com insideevs.com/news/348513/envision-aesc-ncm-811-batteries/
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_Energy_Supply_Corporation
- cdnw8.eu-japan.eu cdnw8.eu-japan.eu/sites/default/files/imce/Envision%20AESC%202022.6.2%20V2.pdf
- source.benchmarkminerals.com source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/umicore-aesc-cathode-deal-bolsters-nascent-north-american-supply-chain
- us.aesc-group.com us.aesc-group.com/aesc-strengthens-u-s-manufacturing-operations-with-long-term-supply-agreement-with-umicore/
- umicore.com umicore.com/en/markets-products/automotive-mobility/battery-materials/cobalt-nickel-precursors/
- umicore.com umicore.com/en/media/newsroom/pcam-ev-battery-supply-agreements-with-cngr-and-ecodream/
- woodmac.com woodmac.com/news/opinion/easing-global-reliance-on-chinese-lithium-supplies/
- benchmarkminerals.com benchmarkminerals.com/glossary/what-is-lithium
- camaltd.com camaltd.com/china-australia-lithium-shift-2026/
- source.benchmarkminerals.com source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/infographic-china-controls-three-quarters-of-graphite-anode-supply-chain
- cen.acs.org cen.acs.org/policy/trade/China-restricts-exports-graphite-used/101/i36
- benchmarkminerals.com benchmarkminerals.com/glossary/what-is-graphite
- benchmarkminerals.com benchmarkminerals.com/glossary/what-is-cobalt
- investingnews.com investingnews.com/where-is-cobalt-mined/
- fastmarkets.com fastmarkets.com/insights/basf-to-cancel-2-6-billion-nickel-cobalt-refining-project-in-indonesia/
- latitudemedia.com latitudemedia.com/news/indonesias-nickel-industry-is-the-poster-child-of-tradeoffs-for-the-battery-economy/
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/battery-manganese-south-africa-hpmsm-non-chinese-supply-chain/
- edition.cnn.com edition.cnn.com/2024/04/30/africa/manganese-south-africa-exports-electric-vehicles-batteries-spc-intl
- benchmarkminerals.com benchmarkminerals.com/glossary/what-is-manganese
- nbinno.com nbinno.com/article/battery-electrolyte/the-lipf6-supply-chain-navigating-manufacturers-prices-and-quality-lq
- tycorun.com tycorun.com/blogs/news/top-10-composite-copper-foil-companies-in-china
- takomabattery.com takomabattery.com/top-10-battery-aluminum-foil-manufacturers-in-china/
Common questions
- Where does Envision AESC source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 35 inputs across 7 countries, including 10 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the Envision AESC supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 26 of 35 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 9 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is Envision AESC itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- Uncertain. AESC (Envision AESC) is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, and is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Its FEOC status for a given project is still unresolved and depends on ownership or component-level analysis. Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.