Back to supply chains
Where does Goldwind source its components?
China. Supply chain mapped to 35 inputs across 4 countries.
Federal screeningFlagged
Yes. Goldwind (Xinjiang Goldwind) is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 4 federal restricted-party lists screened here (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List, UFLPA Entity List). Is Goldwind a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High94% weighted
31 in covered nations - 4 elevated, of 35 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
5 of 5 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Supplier1
Component11
Processing / Refining5
Raw Material12
Mine / Extraction5
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
Loading chain view...
Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
0
Designated (0%)
31
Covered nation (89%)
4
Elevated (11%)
0
No known factor (0%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the Goldwind supply chain
35 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Goldwind.
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| GoldwindUrumqi / Beijing, China | China | Covered nation | Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology; world's largest wind OEM by installed capacity. Chinese state-linked; vertically integrated PMDD manufacturer. |
Supplier (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| IGBT Power ModulesChina / imported (Infineon/Mitsubishi) | China | Covered nation | IGBT semiconductor modules; historically Western/Japanese, increasingly Chinese-made. Sourcing mixed. |
Component (11)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| PMDD Permanent-Magnet GeneratorGoldwind in-house, China | China | Covered nation | Permanent Magnet Direct-Drive generator; core Goldwind IP. Eliminates gearbox, one moving part. |
| Rotor BladesChina blade plants | China | Covered nation | Composite blades; 80-90% composite by mass, 60-70% reinforcing fiber, 30-40% resin, foam/balsa core. |
| Steel TowerCNBM Anyang / regional tower fabricators, China | China | Covered nation | Hot-rolled low-alloy high-strength steel plate; ~50t steel per onshore MW. |
| Hub & Main Shaft CastingChinese ductile-iron foundries | China | Covered nation | Ductile cast iron (EN-GJS-400 grade); Chinese foundries dominate large wind castings. |
| Nacelle Bedplate / FrameChina | China | Covered nation | Cast and welded steel front/rear frame housing drivetrain and electrical cabinets. |
| Main BearingChina / global bearing OEMs | China | Covered nation | Large tapered/roller main bearing. Precision bearings often imported (NSK/NTN/SKF) or Chinese-made; sourcing mixed. |
| Full-Power ConverterChina (Goldwind/Chinese power-electronics) | China | Covered nation | Full-scale power converter with IGBT modules; regulates grid voltage/frequency. |
| Pitch & Yaw Drive SystemChina | China | Covered nation | Geared pitch/yaw actuators; slewing bearings and small gearboxes. |
| Generator Windings & CablingChina | China | Covered nation | Copper coils in generator plus internal power cabling; several tons of copper per turbine. |
| NdFeB Permanent MagnetsChina (sintered magnet plants) | China | Covered nation | Sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets; ~1000-2000 kg per MW. China = 94% of global sintered magnet output (2024). |
| Electrical (Silicon) Steel LaminationsChina | China | Covered nation | Grain-oriented silicon steel stator/rotor laminations. |
Processing and refining (5)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper Smelter/RefineryChina (e.g. Jiangxi/Shandong smelters) | China | Covered nation | Flash smelting → blister → electrolytic cathode. China is dominant midstream copper refiner. |
| Rare-Earth Metal / Alloy MakerInner Mongolia / Jiangxi, China | China | Covered nation | Reduces oxides to Nd/Pr/Dy metal and NdFeB strip-cast alloy; the FEOC chokepoint. |
| Rare-Earth Separation PlantBaotou (light REE) & Ganzhou (heavy REE), China | China | Covered nation | Solvent-extraction separation of mixed REE concentrate into individual oxides. China Northern Rare Earth / CREG. |
| Steel Mill (BF-BOF)China (Baosteel etc.) | China | Covered nation | Blast-furnace/BOF steelmaking; China produces >50% of world steel. |
| Silicon MetalChina (Xinjiang/Yunnan) | China | Covered nation | Metallurgical-grade silicon smelted from quartz; China ~80% of global silicon metal output. |
Raw material (12)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glass Fiber ReinforcementChina (Jushi/CPIC etc.) | China | Covered nation | Fiberglass rovings/fabrics; China is dominant global glass-fiber producer. ~10% of world fiberglass demand is wind. |
| Carbon Fiber (spar caps)China | China | Covered nation | Carbon-fiber spar caps for large blades; wind = ~24% of world carbon-fiber demand. |
| Epoxy / Vinyl-Ester ResinChina petrochemical | China | Covered nation | Thermoset resin matrix (30-40% of blade mass); petrochemical-derived. |
| Balsa Wood CoreEcuador plantations | Ecuador | Elevated sourcing risk | Ecuador supplies ~95% of world balsa; allied-sourced raw material but processed/kitted in China. |
| PET Foam CoreChina | China | Covered nation | Closed-cell PET structural foam increasingly replacing balsa; petrochemical-derived. |
| Refined Copper CathodeChinese copper smelters | China | Covered nation | 99.99% electrolytic cathode; China refines ~40%+ of world copper from imported concentrate. |
| NdPr / Dy / Tb Rare-Earth OxidesBaotou / Ganzhou, China | China | Covered nation | Separated NdPr, Dy, Tb oxides for magnet feedstock. China ~90% of REE separation capacity. |
| Iron & Boron (magnet base)China | China | Covered nation | Iron and boron make up the bulk of NdFeB alloy by mass; domestically sourced. |
| Structural Steel PlateBaosteel / Chinese state mills | China | Covered nation | Hot-rolled low-alloy high-strength plate for towers; Chinese state steel mills. |
| Ductile Iron (castings)Chinese foundries | China | Covered nation | Ductile cast iron for hub/main shaft; melted from pig iron + scrap. |
| Iron OrePilbara, Australia / Brazil | Australia | Elevated sourcing risk | Iron ore largely imported from allied Australia/Brazil but smelted in China. |
| Silicon Wafer (power semis)China | China | Covered nation | Silicon wafers for power semiconductors; China dominant in silicon metal and wafer supply. |
Mine and extraction (5)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper MineChile (Escondida/Collahuasi region) | Chile | Elevated sourcing risk | Chile = world's largest copper miner (5.2Mt, 2023); concentrate largely exported to China for refining. |
| Bayan Obo REE Mine (light REE)Inner Mongolia, China | China | Covered nation | World's largest REE deposit (40Mt); >70% of China light-REE (Nd/Pr) production. |
| Ionic-Clay REE Mine (heavy REE)Jiangxi Province, China | China | Covered nation | Ion-adsorption clay deposits yielding heavy REE Dy/Tb for magnet coercivity. |
| Iron Ore MinePilbara, Western Australia | Australia | Elevated sourcing risk | Australia/Brazil/China = ~82% of global iron ore; ore refined into steel in China. |
| Quartz / Silica MineChina | China | Covered nation | High-purity quartz feedstock for silicon metal smelting. |
Material flow (39 relationships)
- Goldwind manufactures PMDD Permanent-Magnet Generator (PMDD generator)
- Goldwind manufactures Rotor Blades (Rotor blades)
- Goldwind assembles Steel Tower (Steel tower)
- Goldwind assembles Hub & Main Shaft Casting (Hub & main shaft)
- Goldwind assembles Nacelle Bedplate / Frame (Nacelle bedplate)
- Goldwind assembles Main Bearing (Main bearing)
- Goldwind assembles Full-Power Converter (Power converter)
- Goldwind assembles Pitch & Yaw Drive System (Pitch/yaw drive)
- Goldwind assembles Generator Windings & Cabling (Windings & cabling)
- PMDD Permanent-Magnet Generator supplies NdFeB Permanent Magnets (NdFeB magnets)
- PMDD Permanent-Magnet Generator supplies Electrical (Silicon) Steel Laminations (Silicon steel laminations)
- PMDD Permanent-Magnet Generator supplies Generator Windings & Cabling (Copper windings)
- Rotor Blades supplies Glass Fiber Reinforcement (Glass fiber)
- Rotor Blades supplies Carbon Fiber (spar caps) (Carbon fiber spar caps)
- Rotor Blades supplies Epoxy / Vinyl-Ester Resin (Resin matrix)
- Rotor Blades supplies Balsa Wood Core (Balsa core)
- Rotor Blades supplies PET Foam Core (PET foam core)
- Steel Tower supplies Structural Steel Plate (Steel plate)
- Nacelle Bedplate / Frame supplies Structural Steel Plate (Structural steel)
- Hub & Main Shaft Casting supplies Ductile Iron (castings) (Ductile iron)
- Generator Windings & Cabling supplies Refined Copper Cathode (Copper)
- Refined Copper Cathode refines Copper Smelter/Refinery (Copper cathode)
- Copper Smelter/Refinery sources from Copper Mine (Copper concentrate)
- NdFeB Permanent Magnets supplies NdPr / Dy / Tb Rare-Earth Oxides (REE oxides)
- NdFeB Permanent Magnets supplies Iron & Boron (magnet base) (Iron & boron)
- NdPr / Dy / Tb Rare-Earth Oxides refines Rare-Earth Metal / Alloy Maker (REE metal/alloy)
- Rare-Earth Metal / Alloy Maker refines Rare-Earth Separation Plant (Separated REE oxides)
- Rare-Earth Separation Plant sources from Bayan Obo REE Mine (light REE) (Light REE concentrate)
- Rare-Earth Separation Plant sources from Ionic-Clay REE Mine (heavy REE) (Heavy REE concentrate)
- Structural Steel Plate refines Steel Mill (BF-BOF) (Steel plate)
- Ductile Iron (castings) refines Steel Mill (BF-BOF) (Iron/steel melt)
- Steel Mill (BF-BOF) sources from Iron Ore (Iron ore)
- Iron Ore sources from Iron Ore Mine (Iron ore)
- Full-Power Converter supplies IGBT Power Modules (IGBT modules)
- IGBT Power Modules supplies Silicon Wafer (power semis) (Silicon wafer)
- Silicon Wafer (power semis) refines Silicon Metal (Silicon metal)
- Silicon Metal sources from Quartz / Silica Mine (Quartz)
- Pitch & Yaw Drive System supplies Ductile Iron (castings) (Gear/bearing steel)
- Main Bearing supplies Structural Steel Plate (Bearing steel)
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Goldwind, and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Primary sources (5) - government, filings, standards bodies
- iea.org iea.org/reports/rare-earth-elements/executive-summary
- energy.gov energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-02/Neodymium%20Magnets%20Supply%20Chain%20Report%20-%20Final.pdf
- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5706232/
- usitc.gov usitc.gov/publications/332/executive_briefings/ebot_from_balsa_wood_to_polymer_foam_in_wind_turbine_blades.pdf
- energy.gov energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-02/Wind%20Supply%20Chain%20Report%20-%20Final%202.25.22.pdf
Secondary sources (24) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- goldwindamericas.com goldwindamericas.com/pmdd
- goldwindamericas.com goldwindamericas.com/technology
- thundersaidenergy.com thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/wind-turbine-generators-dfigs-or-rare-earth-magnets/
- windpowermonthly.com windpowermonthly.com/article/1519221/rethinking-use-rare-earth-elements
- farmonaut.com farmonaut.com/mining/neodymium-kg-per-mw-in-direct-drive-wind-turbine-magnets
- datadeep.tech datadeep.tech/ndfeb-permanent-magnet-supply-chain/
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/rare-earth-supply-chain-us-china-magnets-2026/
- nsenergybusiness.com nsenergybusiness.com/projects/bayan-obo-rare-earth-mine/
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayan_Obo_Mining_District
- rare-earth-mining.com rare-earth-mining.com/baotou-steel-rare-earth/
- rare-earth-mining.com rare-earth-mining.com/top-10-terbium-producers/
- scmp.com scmp.com/business/article/3080227/china-turbine-makers-winded-after-ecuador-lockdown-leaves-them-without
- zzchryso.com zzchryso.com/three-core-materials-for-wind-turbine-blades-pet-foam-pvc-foam-and-balsa-wood/
- power-technology.com power-technology.com/features/the-supply-chain-limitations-facing-the-wind-turbine-market/
- steelwindtower.com steelwindtower.com/
- mining.com mining.com/global-wind-turbine-fleet-to-consume-over-5-5mt-of-copper-by-2028-report/
- electrispower.com electrispower.com/blog/importance-of-copper-for-wind-power
- faxiangongchang.com faxiangongchang.com/en/reports/china-non-ferrous-metals-2026
- sfa-oxford.com sfa-oxford.com/battery-metals-and-materials/markets/copper-market-and-copper-price-drivers/
- liebherr.com liebherr.com/en-us/components/industries-and-applications/components-for-wind-energy-4308732
- nsk.com nsk.com/am-en/industries/wind-power/
- unimacts.com unimacts.com/blog/wind-turbine-nacelle-components-structure-systems-and-manufacturing-considerations/
- ecer.com ecer.com/corp/details-uuu9n2z-p10qhrb-forgings-castings-wind-turbine-main-shaft-ductile-cast-iron-0-75-6mw.html
- deepresource.wordpress.com deepresource.wordpress.com/2017/05/16/iron-ore-mining-for-wind-turbines/
Common questions
- Where does Goldwind source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 35 inputs across 4 countries, including 10 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the Goldwind supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 31 of 35 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 4 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is Goldwind itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- Yes. Goldwind (Xinjiang Goldwind) is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 4 federal restricted-party lists screened here (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List, UFLPA Entity List). Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.