Where does JinkoSolar source the inputs in this product?

This map traces 39 inputs across 5 countries, including 12 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.

How much of the JinkoSolar supply chain sits in a covered nation?

31 of 39 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 4 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.

FEOC ComplianceProspector Labs

Back to supply chains

Where does JinkoSolar source its components?

China. Supply chain mapped to 39 inputs across 5 countries.

Federal screeningFlagged

Yes. JinkoSolar is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Is JinkoSolar a Foreign Entity of Concern?

Upstream sourcing exposure

High85% weighted

31 in covered nations - 4 elevated, of 39 nodes.

Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.

Refining chokepoint

6 of 6 processing/refining steps in covered nations

Where the exposure sits - by supply-chain tier

Producer1

Supplier1

Component10

Processing / Refining6

Raw Material15

Mine / Extraction6

designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed

Loading chain view...

Sourcing Concentration by Country

Covered NationAllied NationOther

Sourcing risk across the graph

Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.

Designated (0%)

Covered nation (79%)

Elevated (10%)

No known factor (10%)

Legend

Node Types

Producer

Supplier

Component

Processing / Refining

Raw Material

Mine / Extraction

Logistics

Sourcing risk

Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list

Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea

Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing

No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance

Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made

Relationships

Transformation - manufactures / assembles

Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)

Supply handoff - supplies / sources from

Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).

Every mapped input in the JinkoSolar supply chain

39 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for JinkoSolar.

Producer (1)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
JinkoSolar (PV Module)Jiangxi / Zhejiang, China (module assembly); Jacksonville, FL (US module line)	China	Covered nation	World's largest solar module maker; vertically integrated ingot-wafer-cell-module. Shipments detained under UFLPA in 2022; sources Xinjiang-linked polysilicon.

Supplier (1)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
Bypass Diodes / ElectronicsChina	China	Covered nation	Semiconductor bypass diodes inside junction box.

Component (10)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
Solar Cell (N-type TOPCon)JinkoSolar cell fabs, China	China	Covered nation	Jinko produces its own cells (N-type TOPCon). Silicon wafer + silver paste metallization.
Front Solar Glass (low-iron tempered)China	China	Covered nation	Tempered ultra-clear low-iron glass; China dominates solar glass output (Xinyi, Flat Glass Group).
Aluminum FrameChina (extrusion)	China	Covered nation	Extruded anodized aluminum structural frame; China ~58-60% of global primary aluminum.
EVA Encapsulant FilmChina	China	Covered nation	Ethylene-vinyl-acetate film bonding cells to glass/backsheet; China dominates PV film supply (HIUV etc.).
Backsheet (TPT/fluoropolymer)China	China	Covered nation	Polymer back layer (Tedlar/PET/PVDF composite); largely Chinese-produced for Chinese modules.
Cell Interconnect Ribbon (tabbing/busbar)China	China	Covered nation	Tin-coated copper ribbon interconnecting cells.
Junction Box + CablingChina	China	Covered nation	Junction box with bypass diodes, copper cabling and MC4 connectors.
Silver Metallization PasteChina	China	Covered nation	Screen-printed conductive paste forming cell electrodes; ~30% of module cost. China-formulated paste from refined silver.
Monocrystalline Silicon WaferChina	China	Covered nation	Sliced from mono ingot pulled from polysilicon; China ~97% of global wafer output.
Mono Silicon IngotChina	China	Covered nation	Czochralski-pulled single-crystal ingot from polysilicon feedstock.

Processing and refining (6)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
Polysilicon Refiner (Siemens process)Xinjiang & Inner Mongolia, China (Daqo/GCL/East Hope)	China	Covered nation	Refines silicon metal to solar-grade polysilicon. Daqo, GCL, East Hope named by DHS as Xinjiang-linked forced-labor risk.
Silicon Metal Smelter (Hoshine)Shihezi & Shanshan, Xinjiang; Yunnan, China	China	Covered nation	Carbothermic reduction of quartzite to silicon metal. Hoshine hit with US WRO in 2021 for Xinjiang forced labor.
Silver RefineryChina	China	Covered nation	Refines silver bullion to high-purity powder/flake for paste; China major refining hub even for imported ore.
Aluminum Smelter (Hall-Héroult)China	China	Covered nation	Electrolytic smelting of alumina to aluminum metal; energy-intensive, coal-powered in China.
Alumina Refinery (Bayer process)China	China	Covered nation	Bayer-process refining of bauxite to alumina; China dominant.
Copper Smelter/RefineryChina	China	Covered nation	Smelts/electro-refines copper concentrate to cathode; China dominant refiner of imported concentrate.

Raw material (15)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
Solar-Grade PolysiliconXinjiang / Inner Mongolia / Sichuan, China	China	Covered nation	Purified to 6N-9N via Siemens process. Major producers Daqo, GCL, Tongwei; Xinjiang supplied up to 45% of world solar-grade polysilicon.
Metallurgical-Grade Silicon MetalXinjiang / Yunnan, China	China	Covered nation	98-99.5% Si feedstock for polysilicon. Hoshine = world's largest producer.
Quartzite / Silica Ore (metallurgical)Xinjiang, China	China	Covered nation	SiO2 ore reduced to silicon metal; Hoshine backward-integrated into Xinjiang quartz near labor-transfer sites.
High-Purity Quartz (crucible liners)Spruce Pine, North Carolina, USA	United States	Elevated sourcing risk	HPQ crucibles used in ingot pulling; Spruce Pine NC near-monopoly. Allied-mined but consumed in Chinese furnaces.
Refined Silver (paste feedstock)China (refining)	China	Covered nation	Silver powder/flake for paste. ~72% of silver is byproduct of Cu/Pb/Zn/Au; China a top-3 refiner.
Silver Ore ConcentrateMexico / Peru	Mexico	Elevated sourcing risk	Mexico, Peru, China = 58% of global mine supply; mostly byproduct concentrate.
Primary Aluminum (billet)China	China	Covered nation	Smelted aluminum billet for extrusion; China ~58-60% of global primary aluminum.
Alumina (Al2O3)China	China	Covered nation	Refined from bauxite via Bayer process; China ~54% of global alumina refining.
Bauxite OreGuinea / Australia / China	Guinea	Elevated sourcing risk	Australia 26%, China 24%, Guinea 23% of bauxite; imported ore refined in China.
Low-Iron Silica SandChina	China	Covered nation	Ultra-low-iron (<120 ppm Fe2O3) silica sand for PV glass melt.
Soda Ash (Na2CO3)China	China	Covered nation	Glass flux; China largest soda ash producer.
Refined Copper (ribbon/cabling)China	China	Covered nation	Copper for interconnect ribbon and junction-box cabling; China ~40%+ of global copper smelting/refining.
Copper ConcentrateChile / Peru / DRC	Chile	Elevated sourcing risk	Concentrate from allied mines shipped to China for refining.
EVA ResinChina	China	Covered nation	Ethylene-vinyl-acetate polymer resin (~30-33% of film); petrochemical-derived, China-supplied.
Fluoropolymer / PET FilmChina / global	China	Covered nation	PVDF/PVF (Tedlar) and PET layers for backsheet; some fluoropolymer tech licensed from Western firms.

Mine and extraction (6)

Input	Origin	Sourcing risk	Basis
Quartz / Quartzite MineShanshan / Xinjiang, China	China	Covered nation	Source of metallurgical quartzite; UFLPA detentions demand proof of quartzite origin.
High-Purity Quartz Mine (Spruce Pine)Spruce Pine, North Carolina, USA	United States	No known risk factor	Global near-monopoly on HPQ for semiconductor/solar crucibles.
Silver MineMexico / Peru	Mexico	No known risk factor	Primary allied silver mine sources; concentrate often shipped to China for refining.
Bauxite MineBoké, Guinea / Weipa, Australia	Guinea	No known risk factor	Allied/African bauxite; much shipped to China for refining.
Silica Sand Mine (low-iron)China	China	Covered nation	Low-iron quartz sand deposits feeding Chinese solar-glass furnaces.
Copper MineChile / Peru	Chile	No known risk factor	Primary allied copper mine sources.

Material flow (39 relationships)

JinkoSolar (PV Module) assembles Solar Cell (N-type TOPCon) (Solar cell)
JinkoSolar (PV Module) assembles Front Solar Glass (low-iron tempered) (Front glass)
JinkoSolar (PV Module) assembles Aluminum Frame (Aluminum frame)
JinkoSolar (PV Module) assembles EVA Encapsulant Film (EVA encapsulant)
JinkoSolar (PV Module) assembles Backsheet (TPT/fluoropolymer) (Backsheet)
JinkoSolar (PV Module) assembles Cell Interconnect Ribbon (tabbing/busbar) (Interconnect ribbon)
JinkoSolar (PV Module) assembles Junction Box + Cabling (Junction box)
Solar Cell (N-type TOPCon) assembles Monocrystalline Silicon Wafer (Silicon wafer)
Solar Cell (N-type TOPCon) assembles Silver Metallization Paste (Silver paste metallization)
Monocrystalline Silicon Wafer manufactures Mono Silicon Ingot (Sliced from ingot)
Mono Silicon Ingot manufactures Solar-Grade Polysilicon (Pulled from polysilicon)
Mono Silicon Ingot supplies High-Purity Quartz (crucible liners) (HPQ crucible)
High-Purity Quartz (crucible liners) sources from High-Purity Quartz Mine (Spruce Pine) (High-purity quartz)
Solar-Grade Polysilicon refines Polysilicon Refiner (Siemens process) (Silicon metal to polysilicon)
Polysilicon Refiner (Siemens process) sources from Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Metal (Metallurgical silicon feedstock)
Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Metal refines Silicon Metal Smelter (Hoshine) (Quartzite to silicon metal)
Silicon Metal Smelter (Hoshine) sources from Quartzite / Silica Ore (metallurgical) (Quartzite ore)
Quartzite / Silica Ore (metallurgical) sources from Quartz / Quartzite Mine (Silica ore)
Silver Metallization Paste supplies Refined Silver (paste feedstock) (Refined silver)
Refined Silver (paste feedstock) refines Silver Refinery (Silver bullion to powder)
Silver Refinery sources from Silver Ore Concentrate (Silver concentrate)
Silver Ore Concentrate sources from Silver Mine (Silver ore)
Aluminum Frame supplies Primary Aluminum (billet) (Aluminum billet)
Primary Aluminum (billet) refines Aluminum Smelter (Hall-Héroult) (Alumina to aluminum)
Aluminum Smelter (Hall-Héroult) sources from Alumina (Al2O3) (Alumina)
Alumina (Al2O3) refines Alumina Refinery (Bayer process) (Bauxite to alumina)
Alumina Refinery (Bayer process) sources from Bauxite Ore (Bauxite ore)
Bauxite Ore sources from Bauxite Mine (Bauxite)
Front Solar Glass (low-iron tempered) supplies Low-Iron Silica Sand (Low-iron silica sand)
Front Solar Glass (low-iron tempered) supplies Soda Ash (Na2CO3) (Soda ash flux)
Low-Iron Silica Sand sources from Silica Sand Mine (low-iron) (Silica sand)
Cell Interconnect Ribbon (tabbing/busbar) supplies Refined Copper (ribbon/cabling) (Refined copper)
Junction Box + Cabling supplies Refined Copper (ribbon/cabling) (Copper cabling)
Junction Box + Cabling assembles Bypass Diodes / Electronics (Bypass diodes)
Refined Copper (ribbon/cabling) refines Copper Smelter/Refinery (Concentrate to cathode)
Copper Smelter/Refinery sources from Copper Concentrate (Copper concentrate)
Copper Concentrate sources from Copper Mine (Copper ore)
EVA Encapsulant Film supplies EVA Resin (EVA resin)
Backsheet (TPT/fluoropolymer) supplies Fluoropolymer / PET Film (Fluoropolymer/PET film)

Sources and methodology

Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for JinkoSolar, and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.

Primary sources (3) - government, filings, standards bodies

Secondary sources (21) - trade press, analysts, reference works

Common questions

Where does JinkoSolar source the inputs in this product?: This map traces 39 inputs across 5 countries, including 12 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
How much of the JinkoSolar supply chain sits in a covered nation?: 31 of 39 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 4 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
Is JinkoSolar itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?: Yes. JinkoSolar is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.

Federal list screening for JinkoSolar Open in workspace