Back to supply chains
Where does LONGi Green Energy source its components?
China. Supply chain mapped to 43 inputs across 7 countries.
Federal screeningFlagged
Yes. LONGi Green Energy is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Is LONGi Green Energy a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High84% weighted
32 in covered nations - 8 elevated, of 43 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
7 of 7 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Component11
Processing / Refining7
Raw Material17
Mine / Extraction7
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
Loading chain view...
Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
0
Designated (0%)
32
Covered nation (74%)
8
Elevated (19%)
3
No known factor (7%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the LONGi Green Energy supply chain
43 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for LONGi Green Energy.
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| LONGi Green EnergyXi'an, Shaanxi, China (HQ); module fabs across China | China | Covered nation | World's largest monocrystalline wafer and module maker. China HQ and vertically integrated China manufacturing = FEOC flagged. |
Component (11)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solar Cover Glass (low-iron tempered)China | China | Covered nation | 3.2mm low-iron AR-coated tempered front glass; China dominates PV glass (Xinyi/Flat Glass Group). |
| Monocrystalline PV Cell (PERC/HPBC)China | China | Covered nation | Diffused, passivated and metallized silicon cell; LONGi produces in-house in China. |
| EVA/POE Encapsulant FilmChina | China | Covered nation | Encapsulates cells; Hangzhou First (>55% global share) and other Chinese suppliers dominate. |
| Backsheet (PVDF/PET)China | China | Covered nation | Rear protective laminate; PVDF backsheets predominantly Chinese-made. |
| Anodized Aluminum FrameChina | China | Covered nation | 6063/6005 aluminum extrusion, anodized; frame stock sourced/extruded in China. |
| Junction Box + Bypass Diodes + ConnectorsChina | China | Covered nation | Houses bypass diodes and MC4-type connectors; predominantly Chinese suppliers. |
| PV Ribbon / Tabbing & Busbar WireChina | China | Covered nation | Tin/lead-coated copper interconnect ribbon; Chinese suppliers (Raytron etc.) dominate. |
| Silicone Sealant / Frame AdhesiveChina | China | Covered nation | Edge sealing and frame/junction-box bonding; Chinese specialty adhesive supply. |
| Monocrystalline Silicon Wafer (M10/G12)China (Ningxia, Yunnan, Malaysia minor) | China | Covered nation | Cz-grown mono ingots sliced to wafers; LONGi is the world's largest wafer maker, China-based. |
| Silver Metallization Paste (Ag paste)China | China | Covered nation | Front/rear conductive fingers and busbars; paste formulated in China, ~50% of non-Si cell cost. |
| High-Purity Quartz Crucible (Cz growth)China (fused) / feedstock partly USA | Mixed | Elevated sourcing risk | Ingot-growth crucible; high-purity quartz sand historically from Spruce Pine, USA (Sibelco/Covia), fused into crucibles in China. Mixed origin. |
Processing and refining (7)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polysilicon Refiner (Siemens/FBR)Xinjiang & Inner Mongolia, China | China | Covered nation | Trichlorosilane / Siemens & fluidized-bed purification of MG-Si to 9N polysilicon; Xinjiang exposure = forced-labor + FEOC flag. |
| Silicon Metal Smelter (submerged arc furnace)Yunnan / Xinjiang, China | China | Covered nation | Carbothermic reduction of quartzite with coke/charcoal at 1500-2000C; energy-intensive, China-concentrated. |
| Silver Refiner / Powder ProducerChina (plus DOWA Hi-Tech, Japan) | China | Covered nation | Silver electrolytically refined and atomized to powder; Chinese refining + Japanese DOWA powder feed. China-side flagged. |
| Copper Smelter / Electrolytic RefinerChina | China | Covered nation | Concentrate smelted and electro-refined to 99.99% cathode; China is dominant refiner = FEOC chokepoint. |
| Tin Smelter / RefinerChina (Yunnan) / Indonesia | China | Covered nation | Tin smelting concentrated in China (Yunnan Tin) and Indonesia; China-refined = flagged. |
| Aluminum Smelter (Hall-Heroult)China (Xinjiang, Shandong, Inner Mongolia) | China | Covered nation | Electrolytic reduction of alumina to primary aluminum; China-concentrated, coal-powered, Xinjiang exposure. |
| Alumina Refinery (Bayer process)China (Shandong, Shanxi) | China | Covered nation | Bayer refining of bauxite to alumina; Chinese refineries tuned to Guinean ore = FEOC chokepoint. |
Raw material (17)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solar-Grade PolysiliconChina (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Yunnan) | China | Covered nation | Contracted from Tongwei, Xinte, Daqo, GCL, Asia Silicon — all China. China ~90% of global polysilicon. |
| Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Metal (98%+)China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Xinjiang) | China | Covered nation | Feedstock reduced from quartz + carbon in arc furnace; China ~70-80% of global silicon-metal output. |
| Quartzite / Silica (SiO2) OreChina | China | Covered nation | High-purity quartzite for MG-Si; China holds large domestic quartzite reserves feeding its smelters. |
| High-Purity Quartz Sand (crucible grade)Spruce Pine, North Carolina, USA | United States | Elevated sourcing risk | World's dominant crucible-grade HPQ source; allied-mined but processed/fused into crucibles in China. |
| Refined Silver (Ag)China (refining) + imported powder | China | Covered nation | Silver powder for paste; DOWA (Japan) supplies ~91% of China's silver-powder imports, but paste + much refining sit in China. |
| Silver Ore (byproduct of Pb/Zn/Cu)Mexico / Peru / China | Mexico | Elevated sourcing risk | ~70% of silver is byproduct of base-metal mines; top sources Mexico, Peru, China. Mixed origin. |
| Refined Copper (Grade A cathode)China (electrolytic refining) | China | Covered nation | Base for ribbon and connectors; China refines ~45% of world copper from imported concentrate. |
| Copper Concentrate (ore)Chile / Peru / DRC | Chile | Elevated sourcing risk | ~70% of mine supply from Chile, Peru, DRC, China, USA; allied-mined but China-refined. |
| Refined Tin (ribbon coating / solder)China / Indonesia | China | Covered nation | Sn coating on PV ribbon and Sn-Pb solder; China and Indonesia dominate tin refining. |
| Tin Ore (cassiterite)Myanmar / Indonesia / DRC | Myanmar | Elevated sourcing risk | Cassiterite from Myanmar, Indonesia, DRC; much feeds Chinese smelters. Mixed/review. |
| Primary Aluminum (6xxx billet)China | China | Covered nation | Frame extrusion feedstock; China is world's largest aluminum smelter. |
| Alumina (Al2O3)China (Bayer refineries) | China | Covered nation | China supplies >50% of world alumina, refined largely from imported Guinean bauxite. |
| Bauxite OreGuinea / Australia | Guinea | Elevated sourcing risk | Guinea ~40% of global bauxite and ~74% of China's imports; allied-mined but China-refined. |
| PVDF Fluoropolymer ResinChina | China | Covered nation | Backsheet outer-layer resin; PVDF locally manufactured in China (Arkema also global). |
| Fluorspar (CaF2) / Fluorine FeedstockChina / Mexico | China | Covered nation | Fluorine source for PVDF; China is the dominant fluorspar producer and refiner. |
| EVA / POE Resin (petrochemical)China / Middle East / South Korea | China | Covered nation | Ethylene-vinyl-acetate & polyolefin resin from petrochemical crackers; solar-grade POE partly imported (Dow, LG, ExxonMobil), compounded in China. Mixed. |
| Soda Ash + Silica Sand (glass batch)China | China | Covered nation | Low-iron silica sand + soda ash melted for PV glass; sourced and melted in China. |
Mine and extraction (7)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quartzite MineChina (various provinces) | China | Covered nation | Silica rock extraction; China domestic mining for silicon-metal feedstock. |
| Spruce Pine HPQ MineSpruce Pine, North Carolina, USA | United States | No known risk factor | Sibelco/Covia HPQ deposit; allied-domestic mining. |
| Silver-Bearing Mine (Mexico/Peru)Mexico & Peru | Mexico | No known risk factor | Leading allied silver-producing mines; extraction clean, refining is the chokepoint. |
| Copper Mine (Andean porphyry belt)Chile & Peru | Chile | No known risk factor | Central Andes porphyry copper belt; allied extraction, refining offshored to China. |
| Cassiterite MineIndonesia (Bangka) / Myanmar | Indonesia | Elevated sourcing risk | Tin extraction; Myanmar tin flows into China, Indonesia partly allied. Review. |
| Bauxite Mine (Boke region)Boke, Guinea (Chinese-operated concessions) | Guinea | Elevated sourcing risk | Guinea overtook Australia as top producer via heavy Chinese investment; ownership mixed, refining in China. |
| Fluorspar MineChina / Mexico | China | Covered nation | Fluorspar extraction; China leads global mine supply feeding domestic fluoropolymer chain. |
Material flow (43 relationships)
- LONGi Green Energy assembles Solar Cover Glass (low-iron tempered) (Solar cover glass)
- LONGi Green Energy assembles Monocrystalline PV Cell (PERC/HPBC) (PV cell)
- LONGi Green Energy assembles EVA/POE Encapsulant Film (Encapsulant film)
- LONGi Green Energy assembles Backsheet (PVDF/PET) (Backsheet)
- LONGi Green Energy assembles Anodized Aluminum Frame (Aluminum frame)
- LONGi Green Energy assembles Junction Box + Bypass Diodes + Connectors (Junction box)
- LONGi Green Energy assembles PV Ribbon / Tabbing & Busbar Wire (PV ribbon)
- LONGi Green Energy assembles Silicone Sealant / Frame Adhesive (Sealant/adhesive)
- Monocrystalline PV Cell (PERC/HPBC) manufactures Monocrystalline Silicon Wafer (M10/G12) (Silicon wafer)
- Monocrystalline PV Cell (PERC/HPBC) supplies Silver Metallization Paste (Ag paste) (Silver paste metallization)
- Monocrystalline Silicon Wafer (M10/G12) manufactures Solar-Grade Polysilicon (Polysilicon)
- Monocrystalline Silicon Wafer (M10/G12) supplies High-Purity Quartz Crucible (Cz growth) (Quartz crucible)
- Solar-Grade Polysilicon refines Polysilicon Refiner (Siemens/FBR) (Polysilicon purification)
- Polysilicon Refiner (Siemens/FBR) refines Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Metal (98%+) (MG-silicon feedstock)
- Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Metal (98%+) refines Silicon Metal Smelter (submerged arc furnace) (Silicon metal smelting)
- Silicon Metal Smelter (submerged arc furnace) refines Quartzite / Silica (SiO2) Ore (Quartzite reduction)
- Quartzite / Silica (SiO2) Ore sources from Quartzite Mine (Quartzite ore)
- High-Purity Quartz Crucible (Cz growth) supplies High-Purity Quartz Sand (crucible grade) (High-purity quartz sand)
- High-Purity Quartz Sand (crucible grade) sources from Spruce Pine HPQ Mine (HPQ ore)
- Silver Metallization Paste (Ag paste) supplies Refined Silver (Ag) (Refined silver)
- Refined Silver (Ag) refines Silver Refiner / Powder Producer (Silver refining/atomization)
- Silver Refiner / Powder Producer refines Silver Ore (byproduct of Pb/Zn/Cu) (Silver ore)
- Silver Ore (byproduct of Pb/Zn/Cu) sources from Silver-Bearing Mine (Mexico/Peru) (Silver-bearing ore)
- PV Ribbon / Tabbing & Busbar Wire supplies Refined Copper (Grade A cathode) (Refined copper)
- Junction Box + Bypass Diodes + Connectors supplies Refined Copper (Grade A cathode) (Copper connectors)
- Refined Copper (Grade A cathode) refines Copper Smelter / Electrolytic Refiner (Copper electro-refining)
- Copper Smelter / Electrolytic Refiner refines Copper Concentrate (ore) (Copper concentrate)
- Copper Concentrate (ore) sources from Copper Mine (Andean porphyry belt) (Copper ore)
- PV Ribbon / Tabbing & Busbar Wire supplies Refined Tin (ribbon coating / solder) (Tin coating/solder)
- Refined Tin (ribbon coating / solder) refines Tin Smelter / Refiner (Tin smelting)
- Tin Smelter / Refiner refines Tin Ore (cassiterite) (Cassiterite)
- Tin Ore (cassiterite) sources from Cassiterite Mine (Tin ore)
- Anodized Aluminum Frame supplies Primary Aluminum (6xxx billet) (Primary aluminum)
- Primary Aluminum (6xxx billet) refines Aluminum Smelter (Hall-Heroult) (Aluminum smelting)
- Aluminum Smelter (Hall-Heroult) refines Alumina (Al2O3) (Alumina reduction)
- Alumina (Al2O3) refines Alumina Refinery (Bayer process) (Bayer refining)
- Alumina Refinery (Bayer process) refines Bauxite Ore (Bauxite)
- Bauxite Ore sources from Bauxite Mine (Boke region) (Bauxite ore)
- Backsheet (PVDF/PET) supplies PVDF Fluoropolymer Resin (PVDF resin)
- PVDF Fluoropolymer Resin refines Fluorspar (CaF2) / Fluorine Feedstock (Fluorine feedstock)
- Fluorspar (CaF2) / Fluorine Feedstock sources from Fluorspar Mine (Fluorspar ore)
- EVA/POE Encapsulant Film supplies EVA / POE Resin (petrochemical) (EVA/POE resin)
- Solar Cover Glass (low-iron tempered) supplies Soda Ash + Silica Sand (glass batch) (Glass batch (silica + soda ash))
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for LONGi Green Energy, and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Secondary sources (37) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LONGi_Green_Energy_Technology
- longi.com longi.com/en/products/modules/
- seetao.com seetao.com/details/145899.html
- renewablesnow.com renewablesnow.com/news/xinte-energy-bags-3-year-polysilicon-supply-deal-from-longi-621860/
- pv-tech.org pv-tech.org/xinte-energy-signs-major-polysilicon-supply-deal-with-longi/
- bernreuter.com bernreuter.com/newsroom/polysilicon-news/article/longi-and-zhonghuan-secure-granular-polysilicon-from-gcl/
- pv-tech.org pv-tech.org/chinese-firms-nine-top-ten-polysilicon-manufacturers-2024/
- energytrend.com energytrend.com/news/20240511-46914.html
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/china-longi-replace-silver-solar-panels-2026/
- gbidirect.com gbidirect.com/insights/china-solar-exports-silver-demand-2026/
- interestingengineering.com interestingengineering.com/energy/china-silver-solar-cell
- vblgoldfix.substack.com vblgoldfix.substack.com/p/exclusive-china-dominates-the-solar
- enfsolar.com enfsolar.com/directory/material/metallization_paste
- waferpro.com waferpro.com/chinas-dominance-in-the-global-silicon-supply/
- semi.org semi.org/en/IndustrySegments/Materials/p044005
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon
- magazine.elkem.com magazine.elkem.com/material-science-insights/from-quartz-to-silicon-to-silicones/
- xinyisolar.com xinyisolar.com/en/SolarPvGlass/index.aspx
- firstglassgroup.com firstglassgroup.com/top-solar-powered-glass-manufacturers-in-the-china/
- dcf-model.com dcf-model.com/blogs/history/603806ss
- pv-magazine.com pv-magazine.com/2021/03/20/the-weekend-read-bifacial-drives-pv-encapsulant-switch/
- enfsolar.com enfsolar.com/hangzhou-first-pv-material
- taiyangnews.info taiyangnews.info/technology/broad-range-of-encapsulants-from-hangzhou-first
- hpp.arkema.com hpp.arkema.com/en/markets-and-applications/batteries/photovoltaic/
- taiyangnews.info taiyangnews.info/technology/a-review-backsheet-components
- fr-cable.com fr-cable.com/pv-junction-box
- pvribbon.com.cn pvribbon.com.cn/pv-ribbon/
- raytron.co raytron.co/applications/pv-ribbon/
- investingnews.com investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/precious-metals-investing/silver-investing/top-silver-producing-countries/
- miningvisuals.com miningvisuals.com/post/ranked-the-countries-that-produced-the-most-silver-in-2025
- features.csis.org features.csis.org/copper-in-latin-america/
- ellamegafood.com.au ellamegafood.com.au/china-does-not-just-dominate-rare-earths-it-has-quietly-become-indispensable-in-copper-refining-too/
- investingnews.com investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/base-metals-investing/copper-investing/copper-production-country/
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/guinea-bauxite-dominance-china-aluminum-supply-chain/
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/guinea-bauxite-aluminium-supply-china-refining-2026/
- harboraluminum.com harboraluminum.com/bauxite-production-by-country/
- elements.visualcapitalist.com elements.visualcapitalist.com/how-is-aluminum-made/
Common questions
- Where does LONGi Green Energy source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 43 inputs across 7 countries, including 14 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the LONGi Green Energy supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 32 of 43 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 8 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is LONGi Green Energy itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- Yes. LONGi Green Energy is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.