Back to supply chains
Where does LONGi Hydrogen source its components?
China. Supply chain mapped to 42 inputs across 9 countries.
Federal screeningFlagged
Yes. LONGi Hydrogen is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Is LONGi Hydrogen a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High87% weighted
31 in covered nations - 11 elevated, of 42 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
7 of 8 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Supplier1
Component10
Processing / Refining8
Raw Material12
Mine / Extraction9
Logistics1
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
Loading chain view...
Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
0
Designated (0%)
31
Covered nation (74%)
11
Elevated (26%)
0
No known factor (0%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the LONGi Hydrogen supply chain
42 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for LONGi Hydrogen.
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| LONGi HydrogenWuxi & Xi'an, China; Ordos, Inner Mongolia (Inner Mongolia plant raising capacity to ~3.5 GW) | China | Covered nation | Wholly-owned subsidiary of LONGi Green Energy. Produces ALK (alkaline) electrolyzers (ALK G / ALK Hi1). Chinese entity of concern under FEOC/OBBBA framing. |
Supplier (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Power Semiconductors (IGBT/thyristor modules)Chinese + Western/Japanese IGBT makers | China | Covered nation | IGBT/thyristor modules for rectifier. Mix of Chinese (e.g. domestic) and Western/Japanese (Infineon/Mitsubishi) -> review. |
Component (10)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaline Electrolyzer Stack (ALK)LONGi in-house automated stack line, China | China | Covered nation | Core electrochemical assembly; LONGi designs/produces key core components in-house. Bipolar filter-press stack of many cells. |
| Nickel-based Electrodes (anode/cathode)China | China | Covered nation | Nickel mesh/foam substrate with sprayed high-activity catalyst; Chinese fabrication dominant (e.g. Hebei nickel-mesh makers). |
| Separator Diaphragm (Zirfon-type)Agfa (Belgium) benchmark; Chinese domestic equivalents rising | Belgium | Elevated sourcing risk | ZrO2 + polysulfone composite on PPS fabric. Western benchmark = Agfa Zirfon; Chinese electrolyzer makers increasingly source domestic diaphragm — mixed/uncertain. |
| Bipolar PlatesChina | China | Covered nation | Carbon/stainless steel plate nickel-coated (~200 um Ni). Separates cells, distributes lye, conducts current. Nickel coating ~47% of stack material cost. |
| Electrode Catalyst Coating (Raney Ni-Mo / Co)China (thermal/plasma spray) | China | Covered nation | Raney nickel + molybdenum (HER) and cobalt/Ni-oxide (OER) non-precious catalysts, thermally sprayed onto nickel mesh in China. |
| KOH Electrolyte (potassium hydroxide lye)China chlor-alkali producers | China | Covered nation | ~25-30% KOH solution as ion conductor. Produced via chlor-alkali electrolysis of KCl; China is a major KOH producer. |
| Gas-Liquid Separators & Pressure Vessels (BoP)China | China | Covered nation | Lye/gas separators, demisters, coolers, scrubbers. BoP ~50-60% of plant cost; fabricated from steel in China. |
| Lye Circulation & Pumps/ValvesChina | China | Covered nation | Circulation pumps, valves, heat exchangers for KOH loop; largely Chinese balance-of-plant supply. |
| Rectifier & Power ElectronicsChina | China | Covered nation | Thyristor/IGBT rectifier + transformer converting AC to DC. LONGi bundles own power electronics; Chinese-built rectifier skids. |
| H2 Drying & Purification SkidChina | China | Covered nation | Deoxo + adsorption drying (molecular sieve/alumina) to purify hydrogen; Chinese-supplied. |
Processing and refining (8)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel Refinery (China)China (electrorefining / carbonyl / sulfate-to-cathode) | China | Covered nation | China refines the majority of global Class 1 / battery-and-plating-grade nickel. FEOC midstream chokepoint. |
| HPAL/RKEF Nickel Processing (Indonesia, Chinese-owned)Morowali / Weda Bay industrial parks (Tsingshan et al.) | Indonesia | Elevated sourcing risk | Indonesian HPAL/MHP + RKEF built with Chinese capital & tech. Chinese-controlled ownership -> flagged despite Indonesian geography. |
| Steel Mill (China)China (BF-BOF / EAF) | China | Covered nation | Converts iron ore into carbon/stainless steel. China ~50%+ of world crude steel. |
| Molybdenum Roaster/Refiner (China)China (roasting to MoO3 / ferromolybdenum) | China | Covered nation | Converts molybdenite to oxide/metal. China dominant midstream. |
| Cobalt Refinery (China)China (Co sulfate / metal) | China | Covered nation | Dominant global cobalt-refining chokepoint; FEOC-critical midstream. |
| Zirconium Chemical Plant (ZOC -> ZrO2, China)China (caustic fusion -> zirconium oxychloride -> ZrO2) | China | Covered nation | Most global zircon concentrate is shipped to China for chemical processing to ZOC then ZrO2. Refining chokepoint. |
| Chlor-Alkali KOH PlantChina membrane-cell chlor-alkali | China | Covered nation | Electrolyzes KCl brine into KOH (~2,500-3,200 kWh/t). China major KOH producer. |
| Copper Smelter/Refinery (China)China electrolytic copper | China | Covered nation | China refines ~40%+ of world copper. Midstream chokepoint. |
Raw material (12)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Refined Nickel (Class 1 / plating nickel)China / Indonesia (Chinese-controlled) | China | Covered nation | Pure nickel for mesh, foam, and bipolar-plate plating. Midstream refining overwhelmingly China-controlled. |
| Carbon/Stainless Steel (plates, vessels, frames)China | China | Covered nation | Structural steel for bipolar plates, separators, frames. China is dominant global steelmaker. |
| Chromium (stainless alloying)China ferrochrome | China | Covered nation | Ferrochrome for stainless grades; China dominant ferroalloy processor. |
| Molybdenum (Ni-Mo catalyst)China | China | Covered nation | Mo for high-activity HER Raney Ni-Mo catalyst. China leading Mo producer/processor. |
| Cobalt (OER catalyst)China refined | China | Covered nation | Cobalt/Co-oxide used in OER catalyst formulations. ~75%+ of cobalt refined in China. |
| Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2 nanoparticles)China zirconium-chemical plants | China | Covered nation | Hydrophilic ZrO2 (~85 wt%) is the functional filler of the Zirfon-type diaphragm. |
| Polysulfone / PPS Polymer (diaphragm binder & fabric)Solvay/BASF (West) & Chinese producers (Lumena et al.) | China | Covered nation | PSU binder + PPS support fabric. Split supply: Western majors (Solvay/BASF) and large Chinese PPS producers -> mixed. |
| Petrochemical Feedstock (benzene/sulfur monomers)Global refineries | China | Covered nation | Monomers for PSU/PPS polymerization; globally sourced petrochemicals. |
| Potassium Chloride (KCl / potash)Global potash producers | Canada | Elevated sourcing risk | KCl feedstock for KOH. Canada/Russia/Belarus dominate potash mining; feed to Chinese chlor-alkali -> review. |
| Copper (busbars, rectifier windings)China smelters/refineries | China | Covered nation | Copper busbars/cabling for DC current distribution and transformer/rectifier windings. China dominant copper refiner. |
| Silicon Wafer (power device substrate)China / Japan wafer fabs | China | Covered nation | Silicon substrate for power devices. China growing wafer/polysilicon dominance -> flagged. |
| Molecular Sieve / Activated Alumina (H2 drying)China adsorbent producers | China | Covered nation | Desiccant adsorbents for hydrogen drying skid; largely Chinese-supplied. |
Mine and extraction (9)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel Laterite Mine (Indonesia)Sulawesi / Halmahera laterite deposits | Indonesia | Elevated sourcing risk | World's dominant nickel ore source (~60% of supply). Feeds Chinese-owned HPAL/RKEF; downstream is Chinese-controlled. |
| Nickel Laterite Mine (Philippines)Surigao / Palawan laterite deposits | Philippines | Elevated sourcing risk | Major ore exporter, much shipped to China for refining. Allied-leaning mine but China-refined -> review. |
| Iron Ore Mine (Australia/Brazil)Pilbara (Australia) / Carajas (Brazil) | Australia | Elevated sourcing risk | Allied-mined iron ore, but the vast majority is smelted in China -> processed input flagged, mine itself review. |
| Chromite Mine (South Africa)Bushveld Complex, South Africa | South Africa | Elevated sourcing risk | Dominant global chromite source; much converted to ferrochrome in China. |
| Molybdenum Mine (China)China porphyry deposits | China | Covered nation | China is the largest molybdenum-mining country. |
| Cobalt Mine (DRC)Katanga Copperbelt, DRC | Democratic Republic Of Congo | Elevated sourcing risk | ~70% of world cobalt ore; many DRC mines Chinese-owned and product refined in China. |
| Zircon Sand Mine (Australia/South Africa)Australian mineral sands / South African heavy-mineral sands | Australia | Elevated sourcing risk | Australia + South Africa are top zircon-sand producers; concentrate largely refined in China -> mine review, refiner flagged. |
| Potash Mine (Canada/Russia)Saskatchewan (Canada) / Russia | Canada | Elevated sourcing risk | Sylvinite/potash ore. Canada allied; Russia/Belarus sanctioned-risk -> mixed review at ore tier. |
| Copper Mine (Chile/Peru)Chilean/Peruvian porphyry copper mines | Chile | Elevated sourcing risk | Allied-region copper concentrate, largely smelted/refined in China -> mine review, refiner flagged. |
Logistics (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inbound/Outbound LogisticsChinese ports & freight | China | Covered nation | Ore imports (nickel/zircon/potash) and finished-electrolyzer export flow through Chinese logistics network. |
Material flow (49 relationships)
- LONGi Hydrogen manufactures Alkaline Electrolyzer Stack (ALK) (Alkaline electrolyzer stack)
- LONGi Hydrogen assembles Gas-Liquid Separators & Pressure Vessels (BoP) (Gas-liquid separators / BoP vessels)
- LONGi Hydrogen assembles Lye Circulation & Pumps/Valves (Lye circulation system)
- LONGi Hydrogen assembles Rectifier & Power Electronics (Rectifier & power electronics)
- LONGi Hydrogen assembles H2 Drying & Purification Skid (H2 drying & purification skid)
- LONGi Hydrogen sources from Inbound/Outbound Logistics (Logistics & freight)
- Alkaline Electrolyzer Stack (ALK) assembles Nickel-based Electrodes (anode/cathode) (Nickel-based electrodes)
- Alkaline Electrolyzer Stack (ALK) assembles Separator Diaphragm (Zirfon-type) (Separator diaphragm)
- Alkaline Electrolyzer Stack (ALK) assembles Bipolar Plates (Bipolar plates)
- Alkaline Electrolyzer Stack (ALK) supplies KOH Electrolyte (potassium hydroxide lye) (KOH electrolyte)
- Nickel-based Electrodes (anode/cathode) assembles Electrode Catalyst Coating (Raney Ni-Mo / Co) (Raney Ni-Mo / Co catalyst coating)
- Nickel-based Electrodes (anode/cathode) supplies Refined Nickel (Class 1 / plating nickel) (Nickel mesh/foam)
- Bipolar Plates supplies Carbon/Stainless Steel (plates, vessels, frames) (Carbon/stainless steel plate)
- Bipolar Plates supplies Refined Nickel (Class 1 / plating nickel) (Nickel plating (~200um))
- Electrode Catalyst Coating (Raney Ni-Mo / Co) supplies Refined Nickel (Class 1 / plating nickel) (Raney nickel base)
- Electrode Catalyst Coating (Raney Ni-Mo / Co) supplies Molybdenum (Ni-Mo catalyst) (Molybdenum (HER))
- Electrode Catalyst Coating (Raney Ni-Mo / Co) supplies Cobalt (OER catalyst) (Cobalt/Co-oxide (OER))
- Refined Nickel (Class 1 / plating nickel) refines Nickel Refinery (China) (Refined nickel (China))
- Refined Nickel (Class 1 / plating nickel) refines HPAL/RKEF Nickel Processing (Indonesia, Chinese-owned) (Refined nickel (Indonesia, Chinese-owned))
- HPAL/RKEF Nickel Processing (Indonesia, Chinese-owned) sources from Nickel Laterite Mine (Indonesia) (Nickel laterite ore)
- Nickel Refinery (China) sources from Nickel Laterite Mine (Philippines) (Nickel laterite ore)
- Nickel Refinery (China) sources from Nickel Laterite Mine (Indonesia) (Nickel laterite ore / MHP)
- Carbon/Stainless Steel (plates, vessels, frames) refines Steel Mill (China) (Crude/finished steel)
- Carbon/Stainless Steel (plates, vessels, frames) supplies Chromium (stainless alloying) (Chromium (stainless alloy))
- Steel Mill (China) sources from Iron Ore Mine (Australia/Brazil) (Iron ore)
- Chromium (stainless alloying) sources from Chromite Mine (South Africa) (Chromite ore)
- Molybdenum (Ni-Mo catalyst) refines Molybdenum Roaster/Refiner (China) (MoO3 / ferromolybdenum)
- Molybdenum Roaster/Refiner (China) sources from Molybdenum Mine (China) (Molybdenite ore)
- Cobalt (OER catalyst) refines Cobalt Refinery (China) (Refined cobalt / Co sulfate)
- Cobalt Refinery (China) sources from Cobalt Mine (DRC) (Cobalt ore / hydroxide)
- Separator Diaphragm (Zirfon-type) supplies Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2 nanoparticles) (ZrO2 nanoparticles)
- Separator Diaphragm (Zirfon-type) supplies Polysulfone / PPS Polymer (diaphragm binder & fabric) (Polysulfone binder / PPS fabric)
- Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2 nanoparticles) refines Zirconium Chemical Plant (ZOC -> ZrO2, China) (ZrO2 via ZOC)
- Zirconium Chemical Plant (ZOC -> ZrO2, China) sources from Zircon Sand Mine (Australia/South Africa) (Zircon sand concentrate)
- Polysulfone / PPS Polymer (diaphragm binder & fabric) sources from Petrochemical Feedstock (benzene/sulfur monomers) (Benzene/sulfur monomers)
- KOH Electrolyte (potassium hydroxide lye) refines Chlor-Alkali KOH Plant (KOH from chlor-alkali)
- Chlor-Alkali KOH Plant sources from Potassium Chloride (KCl / potash) (Potassium chloride (KCl))
- Potassium Chloride (KCl / potash) sources from Potash Mine (Canada/Russia) (Potash ore)
- Rectifier & Power Electronics supplies Power Semiconductors (IGBT/thyristor modules) (IGBT/thyristor modules)
- Rectifier & Power Electronics supplies Copper (busbars, rectifier windings) (Copper windings/busbars)
- Power Semiconductors (IGBT/thyristor modules) supplies Silicon Wafer (power device substrate) (Silicon device wafer)
- Gas-Liquid Separators & Pressure Vessels (BoP) supplies Carbon/Stainless Steel (plates, vessels, frames) (Steel vessels/separators)
- Lye Circulation & Pumps/Valves supplies Carbon/Stainless Steel (plates, vessels, frames) (Steel pumps/piping)
- Lye Circulation & Pumps/Valves supplies Copper (busbars, rectifier windings) (Copper motor windings)
- Copper (busbars, rectifier windings) refines Copper Smelter/Refinery (China) (Electrolytic copper cathode)
- Copper Smelter/Refinery (China) sources from Copper Mine (Chile/Peru) (Copper concentrate)
- H2 Drying & Purification Skid supplies Molecular Sieve / Activated Alumina (H2 drying) (Molecular sieve / alumina desiccant)
- Inbound/Outbound Logistics sources from Nickel Laterite Mine (Indonesia) (Ore import freight)
- Inbound/Outbound Logistics sources from Zircon Sand Mine (Australia/South Africa) (Zircon import freight)
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for LONGi Hydrogen, and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Primary sources (4) - government, filings, standards bodies
- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8951763/
- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6515460/
- pubs.usgs.gov pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-zirconium-hafnium.pdf
- epa.gov epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-03/Potassium%20Hydroxide%20Supply%20Chain%20Profile.pdf
Secondary sources (28) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- longi.com longi.com/en/products/hydrogen/
- longi.com longi.com/en/products/hydrogen/alk-g/
- longi.com longi.com/us/news/hydrogen-alk-hi1-product-launch/
- hydrogeninsight.com hydrogeninsight.com/electrolysers/longi-hydrogen-gets-green-light-to-build-1gw-alkaline-electrolyser-factory-in-china/2-1-1887154
- hydrogeninsight.com hydrogeninsight.com/electrolysers/chinese-are-catching-up-technologically-longi-s-new-hydrogen-electrolyser-is-more-efficient-than-almost-anything-made-in-the-west/2-1-1407074
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_water_electrolysis
- sciencedirect.com sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319923022590
- nickelgreen.com nickelgreen.com/introduction-to-alkaline-electrolyzer-electrode/
- nickelgreen.com nickelgreen.com/electrode-materials-for-alkaline-electrolyser/
- nickelgreen.com nickelgreen.com/production-of-nickel-mesh-electrodes/
- epcland.com epcland.com/understanding-the-components-of-alkaline-electrolysers/
- agfa.com agfa.com/specialty-products/solutions/membranes/separator-membranes-for-alkaline-electrolysis/
- agfa.com agfa.com/specialty-products/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/10/TDS-ZIRFON-UTP-500_20200831.pdf
- nature.com nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67954-y
- csis.org csis.org/analysis/indonesias-nickel-industrial-strategy
- nbr.org nbr.org/publication/chinas-influence-in-indonesias-nickel-sector-and-implications-for-the-united-states/
- nickelinstitute.org nickelinstitute.org/en/blog/2025/march/nickel-industry-part-3-processing-nickel-laterites-high-pressure-acid-leaching/
- benchmarkminerals.com benchmarkminerals.com/glossary/what-is-nickel
- zircon-association.org zircon-association.org/zircon-chemicals.html
- zircon-association.org zircon-association.org/zircon-sand.html
- scielo.org.za scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532012001500014
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide
- prismaneconsulting.com prismaneconsulting.com/blog-details/key-polyphenylene-sulfide-pps-manufacturers
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenylene_sulfide
- hyfindr.com hyfindr.com/en/hydrogen-knowledge/balance-of-plant-for-electrolyser-bop
- hydrovoltenergy.com hydrovoltenergy.com/2025/05/14/balance-of-plant-bop-in-green-hydrogen-electrolysis-systems/
- arxiv.org arxiv.org/pdf/2503.17092
- sciencedirect.com sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378775314000391
Common questions
- Where does LONGi Hydrogen source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 42 inputs across 9 countries, including 17 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the LONGi Hydrogen supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 31 of 42 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 11 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is LONGi Hydrogen itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- Yes. LONGi Hydrogen is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.