Back to supply chains
Where does Ming Yang Smart Energy source its components?
China. Supply chain mapped to 33 inputs across 5 countries.
Federal screeningFlagged
Yes. Ming Yang Smart Energy is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Is Ming Yang Smart Energy a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High94% weighted
29 in covered nations - 4 elevated, of 33 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
7 of 7 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Component7
Processing / Refining7
Raw Material13
Mine / Extraction5
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
Loading chain view...
Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
0
Designated (0%)
29
Covered nation (88%)
4
Elevated (12%)
0
No known factor (0%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the Ming Yang Smart Energy supply chain
33 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Ming Yang Smart Energy.
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ming Yang Smart EnergyZhongshan, Guangdong, China | China | Covered nation | World's 5th-largest wind OEM, 2nd in offshore. HQ and integrated assembly in China; a Chinese entity, FEOC-flagged by nationality plus deep China-refined supply chain. |
Component (7)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nacelle AssemblyMing Yang plants, Guangdong/Jiangsu, China | China | Covered nation | Houses drivetrain, generator, converter and control systems. Assembled in China. |
| Composite Rotor BladesMing Yang blade factories, China | China | Covered nation | Large composite blades produced in-house; among world's largest at 18MW class. |
| Tower / Support StructureChinese tower fabricators | China | Covered nation | Steel/iron is 80-90% of turbine mass; towers rolled from heavy steel plate. |
| Permanent-Magnet Direct-Drive GeneratorMing Yang electrical works, China | China | Covered nation | PMSG for direct-drive offshore turbines; contains NdFeB magnets and copper windings. |
| Gearbox / DrivetrainChinese gearbox suppliers | China | Covered nation | Used on geared platforms; forged special-steel gears and bearings. |
| Main Shaft & Pitch BearingsWafangdian/Luoyang bearing makers, China | China | Covered nation | Ultra-large (16m+) main bearings; China vertically integrates steelmaking-forging-heat treatment. |
| Power Converter / Control ElectronicsChinese power-electronics suppliers | China | Covered nation | Full-power converter using IGBT modules; controls and electronics localized in China. |
Processing and refining (7)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| NdFeB Magnet Sintering / Alloy Producere.g. Ningbo Yunsheng (Ningbo & Baotou lines) | China | Covered nation | Strip-casts REE-Fe-B alloy and sinters magnets; the finished-magnet chokepoint sits almost entirely in China. |
| REE Oxide-to-Metal ElectrolysisBaotou, Inner Mongolia, China | China | Covered nation | Molten-salt fluoride electrolysis converts NdPr oxide to metal; China holds ~90% of this step. |
| Heavy Rare Earth Separation / RefiningJiangxi / southern China ion-adsorption refineries | China | Covered nation | Solvent-extraction separation of Dy/Tb. China dominates ~91% of refined REE output. |
| China Northern Rare Earth SeparationBaotou, Inner Mongolia, China | China | Covered nation | Holds separation/refining licences for Bayan Obo output; separates concentrate into oxides. |
| Refined Copper Cathode (99.99%)Chinese pyrometallurgical smelters | China | Covered nation | China refines 40%+ of world copper via flash smelting->blister->anode->electrolytic cathode. |
| Steelmaking (BF-BOF / EAF)Chinese integrated steel mills | China | Covered nation | Converts iron ore to steel slab/plate; China smelts the bulk of turbine structural steel. |
| Silicon Metal RefiningChinese silicon smelters | China | Covered nation | Carbothermic reduction of quartz to 98-99.5% silicon metal; China ~70%+ of global output. |
Raw material (13)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sintered NdFeB Permanent MagnetsNingbo / Baotou magnet plants, China | China | Covered nation | China makes ~90-94% of finished sintered NdFeB magnets. 600-1,000 kg per large direct-drive turbine. |
| Neodymium / Praseodymium MetalBaotou metal electrolysis plants | China | Covered nation | NdPr strengthens the magnet. Produced by molten-salt electrolysis of the oxide, overwhelmingly in China. |
| Dysprosium / Terbium MetalSouth China HREE refineries | China | Covered nation | Dy/Tb give demagnetization resistance at high temp. Heavy REEs; refining ~90% China-controlled. |
| Mixed Rare Earth Oxide / ConcentrateBaotou, Inner Mongolia | China | Covered nation | Bastnaesite/monazite concentrate (Nd, Pr, La, Ce) separated into individual oxides. |
| Copper Windings / CablingChinese copper wire drawers | China | Covered nation | Several tons of copper per turbine in generator coils, cabling and grid interface. |
| Glass Fiber ReinforcementChinese fiberglass producers | China | Covered nation | 60-70% of blade fiber content; wind takes ~10% of world fiberglass demand. |
| Carbon Fiber Spar CapsCarbon fiber (China / Japan / US) | China | Covered nation | Used in spar caps of large blades; wind takes ~24% of world carbon fiber demand. |
| Epoxy Resin / MatrixChinese epoxy producers | China | Covered nation | 30-40% of blade mass is resin binding the fiber composite. |
| Balsa Wood / PET Foam CoreEcuador / Peru plantations | Ecuador | Elevated sourcing risk | Balsa core supply concentrated in Ecuador/Peru; increasingly substituted with PET foam. |
| Heavy Structural Steel PlateBaosteel and other Chinese mills | China | Covered nation | Hot-rolled low-alloy high-strength plate for towers/nacelle bedplate; from Chinese state mills. |
| Bearing / Gear Forging SteelChinese special-steel forges | China | Covered nation | High-cleanliness bearing steel, forged and heat-treated for main-shaft and gearbox bearings. |
| IGBT Power ModulesChina (StarPower/BYD) or Infineon/Fuji | China | Covered nation | 1700V-class IGBT modules for the full-power converter; Chinese and Western suppliers both used. |
| Semiconductor Silicon WaferChinese wafer fabs | China | Covered nation | CZ-grown wafers for IGBT dies; China building full 200mm IGBT wafer supply chain. |
Mine and extraction (5)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bayan Obo Rare Earth MineBayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China | China | Covered nation | World's largest REE deposit (~40Mt reserves), mined by Baotou Steel Union as iron-ore co-product. |
| Ion-Adsorption Clay Deposits (HREE)Jiangxi / Guangdong / Myanmar border | China | Covered nation | Source of heavy REEs (Dy/Tb). Much feed also imported from Myanmar, still refined in China. |
| Copper Ore / ConcentrateChilean & Peruvian copper mines | Chile | Elevated sourcing risk | Chile is #1 producer; China imports concentrate from Chile/Peru/DRC. Mined allied but China-refined. |
| Iron OrePilbara (Australia) / Carajas (Brazil) | Australia | Elevated sourcing risk | Australia+Brazil supply much of China's iron ore feed; mined allied but smelted in China. |
| High-Purity QuartzSpruce Pine, North Carolina, USA | United States | Elevated sourcing risk | HPQ feedstock heavily concentrated at Spruce Pine, NC; downstream refining moves to China. |
Material flow (34 relationships)
- Ming Yang Smart Energy assembles Nacelle Assembly (Nacelle)
- Ming Yang Smart Energy manufactures Composite Rotor Blades (Rotor blades)
- Ming Yang Smart Energy assembles Tower / Support Structure (Tower)
- Nacelle Assembly assembles Permanent-Magnet Direct-Drive Generator (Generator)
- Nacelle Assembly assembles Gearbox / Drivetrain (Gearbox)
- Nacelle Assembly assembles Main Shaft & Pitch Bearings (Main bearing)
- Nacelle Assembly assembles Power Converter / Control Electronics (Power converter)
- Permanent-Magnet Direct-Drive Generator supplies Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnets (NdFeB magnets)
- Permanent-Magnet Direct-Drive Generator supplies Copper Windings / Cabling (Copper windings)
- Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnets refines NdFeB Magnet Sintering / Alloy Producer (Sintered magnet)
- NdFeB Magnet Sintering / Alloy Producer supplies Neodymium / Praseodymium Metal (NdPr metal)
- NdFeB Magnet Sintering / Alloy Producer supplies Dysprosium / Terbium Metal (Dy/Tb metal)
- Neodymium / Praseodymium Metal refines REE Oxide-to-Metal Electrolysis (NdPr metal)
- REE Oxide-to-Metal Electrolysis sources from Mixed Rare Earth Oxide / Concentrate (NdPr oxide)
- Mixed Rare Earth Oxide / Concentrate refines China Northern Rare Earth Separation (REE oxide)
- China Northern Rare Earth Separation sources from Bayan Obo Rare Earth Mine (REE concentrate)
- Dysprosium / Terbium Metal refines Heavy Rare Earth Separation / Refining (Dy/Tb metal)
- Heavy Rare Earth Separation / Refining sources from Ion-Adsorption Clay Deposits (HREE) (HREE ore)
- Copper Windings / Cabling refines Refined Copper Cathode (99.99%) (Copper cathode)
- Refined Copper Cathode (99.99%) sources from Copper Ore / Concentrate (Copper concentrate)
- Composite Rotor Blades supplies Glass Fiber Reinforcement (Glass fiber)
- Composite Rotor Blades supplies Carbon Fiber Spar Caps (Carbon fiber)
- Composite Rotor Blades supplies Epoxy Resin / Matrix (Epoxy resin)
- Composite Rotor Blades supplies Balsa Wood / PET Foam Core (Core material)
- Tower / Support Structure supplies Heavy Structural Steel Plate (Steel plate)
- Gearbox / Drivetrain supplies Bearing / Gear Forging Steel (Gear steel)
- Main Shaft & Pitch Bearings supplies Bearing / Gear Forging Steel (Bearing steel)
- Heavy Structural Steel Plate refines Steelmaking (BF-BOF / EAF) (Steel)
- Bearing / Gear Forging Steel refines Steelmaking (BF-BOF / EAF) (Steel)
- Steelmaking (BF-BOF / EAF) sources from Iron Ore (Iron ore)
- Power Converter / Control Electronics supplies IGBT Power Modules (IGBT module)
- IGBT Power Modules supplies Semiconductor Silicon Wafer (Silicon wafer)
- Semiconductor Silicon Wafer refines Silicon Metal Refining (Silicon metal)
- Silicon Metal Refining sources from High-Purity Quartz (Quartz)
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Ming Yang Smart Energy, and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Primary sources (5) - government, filings, standards bodies
- energy.gov energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-02/Neodymium%20Magnets%20Supply%20Chain%20Report%20-%20Final.pdf
- iea.org iea.org/reports/rare-earth-elements/executive-summary
- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5706232/
- usitc.gov usitc.gov/publications/332/executive_briefings/ebot_from_balsa_wood_to_polymer_foam_in_wind_turbine_blades.pdf
- energy.gov energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-02/Wind%20Supply%20Chain%20Report%20-%20Final%202.25.22.pdf
Secondary sources (22) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mingyang_Wind_Power
- mingyang.com mingyang.com/about/
- offshorewind.biz offshorewind.biz/2025/10/13/mingyang-plans-to-build-britains-first-fully-integrated-offshore-wind-manufacturing-facility/
- datadeep.tech datadeep.tech/ndfeb-permanent-magnet-supply-chain/
- blog.ucs.org blog.ucs.org/charlie-hoffs/just-and-sustainable-solutions-for-the-mining-and-recycling-of-rare-earth-elements-in-wind-turbines/
- nsenergybusiness.com nsenergybusiness.com/projects/bayan-obo-rare-earth-mine/
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayan_Obo_Mining_District
- rare-earth-mining.com rare-earth-mining.com/china-northern-rare-earth/
- atherengineering.substack.com atherengineering.substack.com/p/the-case-for-rare-earths-in-indias-df5
- tymagnets.com tymagnets.com/top-10-ndfeb-magnet-manufacturers-in-china/
- sciencedirect.com sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092134492100046X
- tedin-bearing.com tedin-bearing.com/special-bearings/gearbox-bearing-of-wind-turbine-generator-wtg.html
- sdvolgabearing.com sdvolgabearing.com/top-10-bearing-manufacturers-in-china-2025-updated/
- electrispower.com electrispower.com/blog/importance-of-copper-for-wind-power
- mining.com mining.com/global-wind-turbine-fleet-to-consume-over-5-5mt-of-copper-by-2028-report/
- mineralseducationcoalition.org mineralseducationcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/mec_fact_sheet_wind_turbines_0.pdf
- newsroom.posco.com newsroom.posco.com/en/steel-solutions-in-wind-power/
- fujielectric.com fujielectric.com/products/semiconductor/usage/windpower.html
- tycorun.com tycorun.com/blogs/news/top-10-inverter-igbt-companies-in-china
- itif.org itif.org/publications/2025/09/08/china-plans-to-dominate-a-key-semiconductor-material/
- minespider.com minespider.com/blog/know-the-source-the-polysilicon-supply-chain
- waferpro.com waferpro.com/chinas-dominance-in-the-global-silicon-supply/
Common questions
- Where does Ming Yang Smart Energy source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 33 inputs across 5 countries, including 12 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the Ming Yang Smart Energy supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 29 of 33 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 4 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is Ming Yang Smart Energy itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- Yes. Ming Yang Smart Energy is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.