Back to supply chains
Where does Sineng Electric source its components?
China. Supply chain mapped to 37 inputs across 3 countries.
Federal screeningFlagged
Yes. Sineng Electric is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Is Sineng Electric a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High96% weighted
35 in covered nations - 1 elevated, of 37 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
7 of 7 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Component9
Processing / Refining7
Raw Material16
Mine / Extraction3
Logistics1
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
Loading chain view...
Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
0
Designated (0%)
35
Covered nation (95%)
1
Elevated (3%)
1
No known factor (3%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the Sineng Electric supply chain
37 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Sineng Electric.
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sineng ElectricWuxi & Wuzhong (Ningxia), China; Bangalore, India | China | Covered nation | BNEF Tier-1 PV/ESS inverter maker, #4 global inverter shipments 2023-2024; China HQ = FEOC-flagged entity. |
Component (9)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| IGBT Power Module | China | Covered nation | Core switching stage; sourced from IDMs (Infineon/Fuji/Mitsubishi) and increasingly Chinese vendors. Mixed origin -> review. |
| SiC MOSFET Module | China | Covered nation | Used in high-efficiency boost/DC-DC stages of newer string inverters; ST/onsemi/Infineon plus ST-Sanan China JV. Mixed -> review. |
| DC-Link Film Capacitor | China | Covered nation | Metallized polypropylene film caps buffer the DC bus; largely China-manufactured for Chinese inverter makers. |
| Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor | China | Covered nation | Low-frequency bus filtering; anode/cathode etched Al foil. China dominates the capacitor Al-foil chain. |
| Magnetics (Transformer / Inductor / Choke) | China | Covered nation | Boost inductors, filter chokes, isolation transformers; wound with copper magnet wire on ferrite/silicon-steel/nanocrystalline cores. China-built. |
| PCB / Control Board | China | Covered nation | 6-8 layer power PCB on copper-clad laminate; Guangdong/Jiangsu is the densest CCL-PCB cluster. |
| Control MCU / Gate Driver ICs | China | Covered nation | DSP/MCU and gate-driver silicon; mixed foreign (TI/Infineon) and domestic supply -> review. |
| Die-Cast Aluminum Enclosure / Heatsink | China | Covered nation | HPDC Al housing + heatsink for IP65/67 thermal management; China die-casting supply base. |
| Copper Busbars & Internal Wiring | China | Covered nation | Power distribution busbars, AC/DC terminals and harness; copper China-fabricated. |
Processing and refining (7)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silicon Arc-Furnace RefinerChina submerged-arc furnaces | China | Covered nation | Carbothermal reduction of quartz -> silicon metal; energy-intensive step China dominates. |
| Polysilicon Refiner (Siemens process)Xinjiang / Inner Mongolia, China | China | Covered nation | Distillation + CVD purification of silicon metal to 11N polysilicon; China-dominated chokepoint. |
| SiC Crystal Growth / Epi RefinerChina (Sanan) & US/EU IDMs | China | Covered nation | High-temp PVT crystal growth of SiC from Si+C powder; split allied/China supply -> review. |
| Gallium Extraction Refiner (Bayer liquor)China alumina refineries | China | Covered nation | Gallium recovered from Bayer-process liquor via resin; extraction tech China export-controlled Jan 2025. |
| Copper Smelter / RefinerChina smelters | China | Covered nation | 4 of world's 5 largest copper smelters in China; concentrate shipped Chile/Peru -> China refining. |
| Alumina Refinery (Bayer process)China alumina plants (some in Guinea) | China | Covered nation | Bayer refining of bauxite to alumina; China dominant, and source of the Bayer liquor gallium is pulled from. |
| Aluminum Smelter (electrolytic Al)China electrolytic aluminum | China | Covered nation | Hall-Heroult smelting of alumina to primary aluminum for enclosure die-casting and cap foil; China ~55%+ of primary Al. |
Raw material (16)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silicon Wafer (device grade) | China | Covered nation | FZ/CZ single-crystal Si substrate for IGBT/MOSFET die; China building full 200mm IGBT wafer chain. |
| Electronic-Grade Polysilicon | China | Covered nation | Siemens-process hyperpure Si; China >95% of global polysilicon supply. |
| Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Metal | China | Covered nation | 98-99% Si from carbothermal reduction of quartz; China ~80% of global silicon-metal output. |
| SiC Substrate / Epi-Wafer | China | Covered nation | Bulk SiC boule + epitaxy; US/EU/Japan lead substrates, ST-Sanan 8-inch JV growing in China -> review. |
| Gallium (GaN) Wide-Bandgap Material | China | Covered nation | Gallium for wide-bandgap semis; China ~99% of primary gallium, export-controlled since 2024. |
| Etched/Formed Aluminum Capacitor Foil | China | Covered nation | High-purity etched anode/cathode foil; China holds the complete Al-foil-to-capacitor chain. |
| BOPP Capacitor Film (polypropylene) | China | Covered nation | Biaxially-oriented metallized PP dielectric film for DC-link caps; China/Asia film supply. |
| Refined Copper (cathode / magnet wire) | China | Covered nation | Copper for busbars, windings, foil; China ~48% of world refined copper output. |
| Copper Magnet Wire | China | Covered nation | Enameled copper wire for transformer/inductor windings; China-drawn from refined copper. |
| Ferrite / Nanocrystalline / Si-Steel Core | China | Covered nation | MnZn ferrite, nanocrystalline and grain-oriented silicon-steel cores for magnetics; China leading core supplier. |
| Iron Oxide / Manganese-Zinc (ferrite feed) | China | Covered nation | Fe2O3 + Mn/Zn oxides sintered into ferrite cores; China ferrite powder base. |
| Copper-Clad Laminate (CCL)Guangdong / Jiangsu, China | China | Covered nation | FR-4 laminate = copper foil + fiberglass + epoxy resin; China dominant CCL producer base. |
| Electrodeposited Copper Foil | China | Covered nation | ED copper foil clad onto CCL; ~519 China copper-foil factories in the CCL cluster. |
| Electronic Fiberglass (E/NE-glass) | China | Covered nation | Glass-fiber cloth reinforcement; least-elastic CCL input, China-concentrated production. |
| Epoxy Resin (CCL binder) | China | Covered nation | Epoxy resin binder for laminate; ~1,072 China epoxy-resin facilities feed the CCL chain. |
| Stainless / Coated Steel (chassis, fasteners) | China | Covered nation | Steel for mounting frame, brackets and hardware; China-milled steel. |
Mine and extraction (3)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quartz / Silica (quartzite) MineChina quartzite deposits | China | Covered nation | Feedstock quartzite for silicon-metal furnaces; China holds large high-grade silica reserves. (HPQ for crucibles concentrated at Spruce Pine, NC.) |
| Copper Mine (concentrate)Chile / Peru / DRC | Chile | No known risk factor | Chile ~25% + Peru ~13% of global mined copper; DRC fast-growing. Mining allied/mixed, mine itself clean. |
| Bauxite MineGuinea / Australia / China | Guinea | Elevated sourcing risk | Bauxite ore for alumina->aluminum (enclosure, foil) and gallium byproduct; Guinea + Australia key, some China-owned. |
Logistics (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ocean & Overland FreightChina ports -> global | China | Covered nation | Copper concentrate Chile/Peru->China inbound and finished-inverter export outbound; multi-flag carriers -> review. |
Material flow (44 relationships)
- Sineng Electric assembles IGBT Power Module (IGBT power module)
- Sineng Electric assembles SiC MOSFET Module (SiC MOSFET module)
- Sineng Electric assembles DC-Link Film Capacitor (DC-link film capacitor)
- Sineng Electric assembles Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor (aluminum electrolytic capacitor)
- Sineng Electric assembles Magnetics (Transformer / Inductor / Choke) (magnetics)
- Sineng Electric assembles PCB / Control Board (PCB / control board)
- Sineng Electric assembles Control MCU / Gate Driver ICs (control MCU / gate driver)
- Sineng Electric assembles Die-Cast Aluminum Enclosure / Heatsink (die-cast aluminum enclosure)
- Sineng Electric assembles Copper Busbars & Internal Wiring (copper busbars & wiring)
- Sineng Electric supplies Stainless / Coated Steel (chassis, fasteners) (steel chassis & fasteners)
- Sineng Electric sources from Ocean & Overland Freight (freight & logistics)
- IGBT Power Module supplies Silicon Wafer (device grade) (silicon wafer die)
- Control MCU / Gate Driver ICs supplies Silicon Wafer (device grade) (silicon wafer die)
- Silicon Wafer (device grade) supplies Electronic-Grade Polysilicon (electronic-grade polysilicon)
- Electronic-Grade Polysilicon refines Polysilicon Refiner (Siemens process) (polysilicon (Siemens process))
- Polysilicon Refiner (Siemens process) supplies Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Metal (metallurgical-grade silicon)
- Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Metal refines Silicon Arc-Furnace Refiner (silicon metal (carbothermal))
- Silicon Arc-Furnace Refiner sources from Quartz / Silica (quartzite) Mine (quartzite ore)
- SiC MOSFET Module supplies SiC Substrate / Epi-Wafer (SiC substrate / epi-wafer)
- SiC Substrate / Epi-Wafer refines SiC Crystal Growth / Epi Refiner (SiC crystal growth & epitaxy)
- SiC Crystal Growth / Epi Refiner sources from Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Metal (silicon feed for SiC)
- IGBT Power Module supplies Gallium (GaN) Wide-Bandgap Material (gallium (wide-bandgap option))
- Gallium (GaN) Wide-Bandgap Material refines Gallium Extraction Refiner (Bayer liquor) (gallium extraction)
- Gallium Extraction Refiner (Bayer liquor) sources from Alumina Refinery (Bayer process) (Bayer liquor (gallium host stream))
- Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor supplies Etched/Formed Aluminum Capacitor Foil (etched aluminum capacitor foil)
- Etched/Formed Aluminum Capacitor Foil refines Aluminum Smelter (electrolytic Al) (primary aluminum)
- DC-Link Film Capacitor supplies BOPP Capacitor Film (polypropylene) (BOPP dielectric film)
- BOPP Capacitor Film (polypropylene) supplies Etched/Formed Aluminum Capacitor Foil (metallization aluminum)
- Copper Busbars & Internal Wiring supplies Refined Copper (cathode / magnet wire) (refined copper)
- Magnetics (Transformer / Inductor / Choke) supplies Copper Magnet Wire (copper magnet wire)
- Magnetics (Transformer / Inductor / Choke) supplies Ferrite / Nanocrystalline / Si-Steel Core (magnetic core)
- Copper Magnet Wire supplies Refined Copper (cathode / magnet wire) (refined copper)
- Ferrite / Nanocrystalline / Si-Steel Core supplies Iron Oxide / Manganese-Zinc (ferrite feed) (iron oxide / MnZn feed)
- Refined Copper (cathode / magnet wire) refines Copper Smelter / Refiner (copper cathode)
- Copper Smelter / Refiner sources from Copper Mine (concentrate) (copper concentrate)
- Die-Cast Aluminum Enclosure / Heatsink supplies Aluminum Smelter (electrolytic Al) (die-cast aluminum)
- Aluminum Smelter (electrolytic Al) refines Alumina Refinery (Bayer process) (alumina)
- Alumina Refinery (Bayer process) sources from Bauxite Mine (bauxite ore)
- PCB / Control Board supplies Copper-Clad Laminate (CCL) (copper-clad laminate)
- Copper-Clad Laminate (CCL) supplies Electrodeposited Copper Foil (electrodeposited copper foil)
- Copper-Clad Laminate (CCL) supplies Electronic Fiberglass (E/NE-glass) (electronic fiberglass)
- Copper-Clad Laminate (CCL) supplies Epoxy Resin (CCL binder) (epoxy resin)
- Electrodeposited Copper Foil supplies Refined Copper (cathode / magnet wire) (refined copper)
- Ocean & Overland Freight sources from Copper Mine (concentrate) (copper concentrate inbound freight)
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for Sineng Electric, and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Secondary sources (25) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- en.si-neng.com en.si-neng.com/about/company
- en.si-neng.com en.si-neng.com/products/pv/string-inverter
- en.si-neng.com en.si-neng.com/products/pv/central-inverter
- pv-magazine.com pv-magazine.com/2021/07/23/sineng-opens-10-gw-pv-inverter-factory-in-chinas-ningxia-province/
- pcbonline.com pcbonline.com/blog/Solar-Inverter-Circuit-Boards-Design.html
- fujielectric.com fujielectric.com/products/semiconductor/usage/box/doc/pdf/Solar_inverter_(ver5).pdf
- sfa-oxford.com sfa-oxford.com/knowledge-and-insights/critical-minerals-in-low-carbon-and-future-technologies/critical-minerals-in-electronics/critical-minerals-in-semiconductors/
- itif.org itif.org/publications/2025/09/08/china-plans-to-dominate-a-key-semiconductor-material/
- thinkbrg.com thinkbrg.com/insights/publications/when-the-chips-are-down-high-purity-quartz-and-the-hidden-geography-of-semiconductor-leverage/
- waferpro.com waferpro.com/chinas-dominance-in-the-global-silicon-supply/
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon
- knowmade.com knowmade.com/technology-news/semiconductor-news/power-electronics-devices-news/silicon-carbide-sic-patents-support-the-emergence-of-a-complete-domestic-supply-chain-in-china/
- semiconductor-today.com semiconductor-today.com/news_items/2024/jun/trendforce-200624.shtml
- csis.org csis.org/analysis/beyond-rare-earths-chinas-growing-threat-gallium-supply-chains
- csis.org csis.org/analysis/understanding-chinas-gallium-sanctions
- projectblue.com projectblue.com/blue/news-analysis/1263/china-tightens-control-on-gallium-processing-technology-from-bayer-liquor
- passive-components.eu passive-components.eu/2022-aluminum-electrolytic-capacitor-supply-chain/
- yutwinaluminumfoil.com yutwinaluminumfoil.com/china-aluminum-foil-industry-2025-transformation/
- bloominglobal.com bloominglobal.com/media/detail/top-10-alumina-producers-in-china-2025
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/chinas-strategic-copper-processing-control-2025/
- features.csis.org features.csis.org/copper-in-latin-america/
- faxiangongchang.com faxiangongchang.com/en/reports/china-ccl-copper-clad-laminate-2026
- cqbernice.com cqbernice.com/2026/01/high-pressure-die-casting-inverter-housings/
- passive-components.eu passive-components.eu/understanding-magnetic-core-materials/
- triadmagnetics.com triadmagnetics.com/transformer-core-material-considerations/
Common questions
- Where does Sineng Electric source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 37 inputs across 3 countries, including 10 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the Sineng Electric supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 35 of 37 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 1 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is Sineng Electric itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- Yes. Sineng Electric is organized in China, a covered nation under the FEOC rules, which makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. It is not named on any of the 3 federal restricted-party lists screened for this record (DOD Section 1260H, BIS Entity List, OFAC SDN List). Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.