Back to supply chains
Where does TBEA Co., Ltd. source its components?
China. Supply chain mapped to 35 inputs across 4 countries.
Federal screeningFlagged
Yes. TBEA Co., Ltd. is named on the UFLPA Entity List -- a federal restricted-party designation that makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. Is TBEA Co., Ltd. a Foreign Entity of Concern?
Upstream sourcing exposure
High84% weighted
1 federally designated - 28 in covered nations - 3 elevated, of 35 nodes.
Where inputs are mined and refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company -- see the federal list screening above.
Refining chokepoint
6 of 6 processing/refining steps in covered nations
Producer1
Component10
Processing / Refining6
Raw Material14
Mine / Extraction4
designated covered nation elevated no known factor not assessed
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Sourcing Concentration by Country
Covered NationAllied NationOther
Sourcing risk across the graph
Where each input is mined or refined. Not a FEOC determination for the company.
1
Designated (3%)
27
Covered nation (77%)
3
Elevated (9%)
4
No known factor (11%)
Legend
Node Types
Producer
Supplier
Component
Processing / Refining
Raw Material
Mine / Extraction
Logistics
Sourcing risk
Federally designated - named on a restricted-party list
Covered nation - sited in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea
Elevated - documented concentration risk, no federal listing
No known risk factor - not a compliance clearance
Not assessed - no sourcing judgement was made
Relationships
Transformation - manufactures / assembles
Refining - midstream processing (FEOC chokepoint)
Supply handoff - supplies / sources from
Arrows point in the direction material flows (input to product).
Every mapped input in the TBEA Co., Ltd. supply chain
35 nodes, grouped by supply-chain tier. Sourcing risk describes where an input is mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for TBEA Co., Ltd..
Producer (1)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| TBEA Co., Ltd.Changji, Xinjiang HQ; 18 manufacturing parks incl. Shenyang, Hengyang, Xi'an | China | Federally designated | Named on UFLPAas “TBEA Co., Ltd.” (UFLPA Entity List (DHS/FLETF), effective August 3, 2026). Chinese SOE-linked maker of power/HVDC transformers, cables, inverters and polysilicon (via subsidiary Xinte Energy). Chinese entity: FEOC flagged. |
Component (10)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Power / HVDC Converter TransformerTBEA Shenyang Transformer Group; Hengyang; Xi'an | China | Covered nation | Flagship product. 6kV-1000kV AC and up to ±1100kV DC converter transformers. Assembled in China. |
| Polysilicon / Solar Module Line (Xinte Energy)Xinte Energy, Changji Xinjiang & Baotou Inner Mongolia | China | Covered nation | TBEA subsidiary; ~80kt+ high-purity polysilicon. Xinte/TBEA named in Xinjiang forced-labor solar reporting. |
| Magnetic Core (laminated) | China | Covered nation | Stacked 0.23-0.35mm grain-oriented silicon steel laminations. Core cutting/stacking in-house in China. |
| Windings / Coils | China | Covered nation | High-conductivity electrolytic copper (and aluminum) conductor wound coils. |
| Solid Insulation System | China | Covered nation | Kraft insulating paper and cellulose pressboard barriers around windings. |
| Insulating / Cooling Oil | China | Covered nation | Naphthenic mineral transformer oil for cooling and dielectric insulation. |
| Tank, Radiators & Cooling System | China | Covered nation | Carbon-steel tank, radiators, conservator; fabricated in China. |
| HV Bushings (RIP condenser) | China | Covered nation | Resin-impregnated-paper condenser bushings with aluminum foil + central copper conductor tube; porcelain/composite housing. |
| On-Load Tap Changer | China | Covered nation | Voltage-regulation switching assembly; historically Western OEM (MR/ABB) tech, increasingly China-made. |
| Converter Valve / Thyristor Assembly | China | Covered nation | HVDC converter valve using power semiconductors (thyristors/IGBTs); China assembly. |
Processing and refining (6)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| CRGO Silicon Steel MillBaowu (Baosteel/WISCO), Shanghai/Wuhan; Angang | China | Covered nation | Baowu ~60% China oriented-silicon-steel share; world's largest electrical steel producer. Rolling/annealing = FEOC chokepoint. |
| Copper Smelter / Electrolytic RefineryChinese smelters (e.g., Jiangxi Copper, Tongling) | China | Covered nation | China holds dominant global refining capacity (~9.8Mt/yr+); most Chilean concentrate ships to China. Refining = FEOC chokepoint. |
| Alumina Refinery / Aluminum SmelterChinese alumina refineries + primary smelters | China | Covered nation | China is world's largest alumina/aluminum producer; bauxite refined and smelted domestically. FEOC chokepoint. |
| Petroleum Refinery (naphthenic)Chinese/regional naphthenic refineries | China | Covered nation | Crude distilled/treated to naphthenic transformer-oil base; blended with additives. |
| Polysilicon Refinery (Siemens process)Xinte Energy plants, Changji/Baotou | China | Covered nation | Purifies metallurgical silicon to solar-grade polysilicon. Coal-powered Xinjiang electricity. FEOC chokepoint. |
| Silicon Metal Smelter (submerged arc)Xinjiang (e.g., Hoshine) & Yunnan | China | Covered nation | Carbothermic reduction of quartz to silicon metal; Xinjiang Hoshine is world's largest MG-Si producer. |
Raw material (14)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel (CRGO) | China | Covered nation | Silicon steel strip; China exported >700kt in 2025 and dominates high-grade CRGO. |
| Iron Ore | Australia | No known risk factor | Primary feed for steel; largely allied-mined (Australia/Brazil) but smelted in China. |
| Electrolytic Copper (wire rod) | China | Covered nation | High-conductivity copper conductor. Ore allied-mined but bulk refined in China. |
| Copper Concentrate / Ore | Chile | No known risk factor | Chile+Peru ~40% of global mine supply; concentrate exported to China for smelting. |
| Aluminum (foil / conductor) | China | Covered nation | Aluminum for windings, bushing condenser foil, radiators. China dominates smelting. |
| Bauxite | Guinea | Elevated sourcing risk | ~74% of China's bauxite came from Guinea in 2025; refined in China. |
| Naphthenic Base Oil | China | Covered nation | Refined petroleum naphthenic base stock; limited global high-grade capacity. |
| Crude Oil (naphthenic slate) | Global | Elevated sourcing risk | Naphthenic-rich crude slates (~5% of reserves); mixed global sourcing. |
| Kraft Pulp / Cellulose | China | Covered nation | Wood-pulp cellulose for insulating paper and pressboard; converted in China. |
| Porcelain / Composite Insulator Housing | China | Covered nation | Ceramic/silicone-rubber bushing and insulator housings; China-made. |
| Solar-Grade PolysiliconXinte Energy, Xinjiang & Inner Mongolia | China | Covered nation | Xinjiang produced ~45% of world solar polysilicon; Xinte named in forced-labor reporting. |
| Metallurgical-Grade Silicon | China | Covered nation | Silicon metal smelted from quartz; China (Xinjiang) is dominant producer. |
| Quartz / Quartzite | China | Covered nation | Silica ore feed for silicon metal; Xinjiang holds ~10% of China's vein quartz reserves. |
| Power Semiconductors (thyristors/IGBTs) | China | Covered nation | HVDC valve devices; silicon-wafer based, mixed China/allied fab sourcing. |
Mine and extraction (4)
| Input | Origin | Sourcing risk | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iron Ore MinePilbara, Western Australia | Australia | No known risk factor | Allied-mined iron ore; also Brazil. Mining is clean; downstream Chinese steelmaking flags the chain. |
| Copper MineEscondida / Codelco operations, Chile | Chile | No known risk factor | Escondida (BHP/Rio Tinto) ~20% of Chilean output; Codelco ~11% of world. Allied-mined. |
| Bauxite MineBoké region, Guinea | Guinea | Elevated sourcing risk | Guinea = ~40% global bauxite; heavy Chinese ownership/investment in mines, so sourcing flagged as mixed. |
| Quartzite MineXinjiang, China | China | Covered nation | Vein-quartz mining in Xinjiang; China-sourced, FEOC flagged. |
Material flow (38 relationships)
- TBEA Co., Ltd. manufactures Power / HVDC Converter Transformer (Power / HVDC converter transformer)
- TBEA Co., Ltd. manufactures Polysilicon / Solar Module Line (Xinte Energy) (Polysilicon / solar module line)
- Power / HVDC Converter Transformer assembles Magnetic Core (laminated) (Magnetic core)
- Power / HVDC Converter Transformer assembles Windings / Coils (Windings)
- Power / HVDC Converter Transformer assembles Solid Insulation System (Solid insulation)
- Power / HVDC Converter Transformer assembles Insulating / Cooling Oil (Insulating oil)
- Power / HVDC Converter Transformer assembles Tank, Radiators & Cooling System (Tank & cooling)
- Power / HVDC Converter Transformer assembles HV Bushings (RIP condenser) (HV bushings)
- Power / HVDC Converter Transformer assembles On-Load Tap Changer (Tap changer)
- Power / HVDC Converter Transformer assembles Converter Valve / Thyristor Assembly (Converter valve)
- Magnetic Core (laminated) supplies Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel (CRGO) (Grain-oriented electrical steel)
- Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel (CRGO) refines CRGO Silicon Steel Mill (CRGO silicon steel)
- CRGO Silicon Steel Mill sources from Iron Ore (Iron ore)
- Iron Ore refines Iron Ore Mine (Iron ore)
- Windings / Coils supplies Electrolytic Copper (wire rod) (Electrolytic copper conductor)
- Windings / Coils supplies Aluminum (foil / conductor) (Aluminum conductor)
- Electrolytic Copper (wire rod) refines Copper Smelter / Electrolytic Refinery (Electrolytic copper)
- Copper Smelter / Electrolytic Refinery sources from Copper Concentrate / Ore (Copper concentrate)
- Copper Concentrate / Ore refines Copper Mine (Copper ore)
- Aluminum (foil / conductor) refines Alumina Refinery / Aluminum Smelter (Aluminum)
- Alumina Refinery / Aluminum Smelter sources from Bauxite (Bauxite)
- Bauxite refines Bauxite Mine (Bauxite)
- Insulating / Cooling Oil supplies Naphthenic Base Oil (Naphthenic base oil)
- Naphthenic Base Oil refines Petroleum Refinery (naphthenic) (Naphthenic base oil)
- Petroleum Refinery (naphthenic) sources from Crude Oil (naphthenic slate) (Crude oil)
- Solid Insulation System supplies Kraft Pulp / Cellulose (Kraft pulp / cellulose)
- HV Bushings (RIP condenser) supplies Porcelain / Composite Insulator Housing (Porcelain/composite housing)
- HV Bushings (RIP condenser) supplies Electrolytic Copper (wire rod) (Copper conductor tube)
- HV Bushings (RIP condenser) supplies Aluminum (foil / conductor) (Aluminum condenser foil)
- HV Bushings (RIP condenser) supplies Kraft Pulp / Cellulose (RIP condenser paper)
- Tank, Radiators & Cooling System supplies Iron Ore (Carbon steel)
- Converter Valve / Thyristor Assembly supplies Power Semiconductors (thyristors/IGBTs) (Power semiconductors)
- Polysilicon / Solar Module Line (Xinte Energy) supplies Solar-Grade Polysilicon (Solar-grade polysilicon)
- Solar-Grade Polysilicon refines Polysilicon Refinery (Siemens process) (Solar-grade polysilicon)
- Polysilicon Refinery (Siemens process) sources from Metallurgical-Grade Silicon (Metallurgical-grade silicon)
- Metallurgical-Grade Silicon refines Silicon Metal Smelter (submerged arc) (Metallurgical-grade silicon)
- Silicon Metal Smelter (submerged arc) sources from Quartz / Quartzite (Quartz / quartzite)
- Quartz / Quartzite refines Quartzite Mine (Quartzite)
Sources and methodology
Research-based supply-chain map compiled from public sources - not an audited bill of materials. Tiers reflect the standard industry structure for this product. Sourcing risk on a node describes where that input is typically mined or refined; it is not a FEOC determination for TBEA Co., Ltd., and it is not a screening result for the node itself unless a federal listing is cited against it. Verify against primary documentation before making a compliance determination.
Primary sources (2) - government, filings, standards bodies
Secondary sources (24) - trade press, analysts, reference works
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBEA
- en.tbea.com en.tbea.com/
- en.tbea.com en.tbea.com/product_list/41.html
- pv-tech.org pv-tech.org/xinte-sells-shares-to-tbea-to-fund-100000mt-polysilicon-expansion/
- pv-tech.org pv-tech.org/tbea-planning-400000mt-of-polysilicon-production-in-inner-mongolia/
- taishantransformer.com taishantransformer.com/what-are-the-main-components-found-in-power-transformers/
- elecbase.net elecbase.net/power-transformers/power-transformer-components/
- corefficientsrl.com corefficientsrl.com/what-are-the-components-of-a-transformer-core/
- siliconsteelpro.com siliconsteelpro.com/grain-oriented-electrical-steel-goes/
- moopec.com moopec.com/blog/metal-10/chinas-crgo-steel-exports-will-surge-past-700-000-mt-in-2025-120
- chemicalresearchinsight.com chemicalresearchinsight.com/2025/12/07/top-10-companies-in-the-grain-oriented-electrical-steel-industry-2025-market-leaders-powering-the-global-energy-grid/
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baowu
- faxiangongchang.com faxiangongchang.com/en/reports/china-copper-smelting-2026
- features.csis.org features.csis.org/copper-in-latin-america/
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codelco
- en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_mining_in_Chile
- thebreakthrough.org thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/sins-of-a-solar-empire
- csri.global csri.global/launch-report/5-clean-energys-dirty-secret-how-can-solar-cut-its-dependence-on-xinjiang-forced-labour
- minespider.com minespider.com/blog/know-the-source-the-polysilicon-supply-chain
- transformers-magazine.com transformers-magazine.com/magazine/2147-naphthenic-mineral-electrical-insulating-oils-power-transformer/
- trench-group.com trench-group.com/rip-bushings/transformer-bushing-for-hvdc/
- mdpi.com mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/22/4303
- discoveryalert.com.au discoveryalert.com.au/guinea-bauxite-dominance-china-aluminum-supply-chain/
- matrixbcg.com matrixbcg.com/blogs/how-it-works/baosteel
Common questions
- Where does TBEA Co., Ltd. source the inputs in this product?
- This map traces 35 inputs across 4 countries, including 10 mines and refiners. It is compiled from public sources and is not an audited bill of materials.
- How much of the TBEA Co., Ltd. supply chain sits in a covered nation?
- 28 of 35 mapped inputs are sited in a covered nation (China, Russia, Iran or North Korea) or named on a federal restricted-party list. A further 3 carry elevated sourcing risk without either basis.
- Is TBEA Co., Ltd. itself a Foreign Entity of Concern?
- Yes. TBEA Co., Ltd. is named on the UFLPA Entity List -- a federal restricted-party designation that makes it a foreign entity of concern for IRA clean-energy tax credit purposes. Sourcing risk in this map describes where inputs are mined and refined and is a separate question from the company's own federal screening.